SlavicaCve


 * Hey!! :D My name is Slavica and I'm 17 years old.I'm studying in elementary school "Gostivar" in Gostivar-Macedonia and I'm 3th year. i love to go out with my friends and have fun.I have a lot of friends and i love them soo much. I don't like studying very much but I'm good student in school.This page is for English language to put ours work of this subject.And I hope you like it:D:D... see u soon **

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Timeline of the biography of Norma Jean Mortensen-Marilyn Monroe


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1926--- Norma Jeane Mortenson was born on June 1, 1926, in Los Angeles, California. 1942--- In 1942, at the age of 16, Norma Jean married 21-year-old aircraft plant worker James Dougherty. The marriage only lasted four years, and they divorced in 1946. 1944--- April, Started work at Radio Plane Munitions Factory 1946--- July 17, First interview at 20th Century Fox with Ben Lyon; August 26 First studio contract with Fox, changed her name to Marilyn Monroe 1947--- Her first film was in 1947 with a bit part in [|The Shocking Miss Pilgrim] 1952--- April 7, First "Life" magazine cover" 1955--- June 1, Premiere of "The Seven Year Itch" 1962--- February, Moved to Brentwood, CA home; She is found dead in her apartment the death was caused by an overdose of barbiturates, and pronounced it a possible suicide.

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 * So wide and clean and calm outside however is 10th of March, I’m thinking to myself how beautiful is wether outside. **** There are many different factors that affect climate around the world. However i will mention the most important ones:relief ****, **** proximity to the Equator **** , **** direction of prevailing winds **** , **** distance from the sea **** , **** and also, it has been acceptet that human activity is affecting the climate.Relief: Climate can be affected by mountains. Mountains receive more rainfall than low lying areas because the temperature on top of mountains is lower than the temperature at sea level. That is why you often see snow on the top of mountains all year round. The higher the place is above sea level the colder it will be. This happens because as altitude increases, air becomes thinner and is less able to absorb and retain heat.Proximity to the Equator: The proximity to the equator affects the climate of a place. The equator receives the more sunlight than anywhere else on earth. This is due to its position in relation to the sun. The diagram shows that the equator is hotter because the sun has less area to heat. It is cooler at the north and south poles as the sun has more area to heat up. It is cooler as the heat is spread over a wider area.Direction of prevailing winds: Winds that blow from the sea often bring rain to the coast and dry weather to inland areas. Winds that blow from warm inland areas such as Africa will be warm and dry. Winds that blow from inland areas such as the Netherlands will be cold and dry in winter.Distance from the sea: The sea affects the climate of a place. Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than inland areas. Clouds form when warm air from inland areas meets cool air from the sea. The centre of continents are subject to a large range of temperatures. In the summer, temperatures can be very hot and dry as moisture from the sea evaporates before it reaches the centre of the continent.The factors above affect the climate naturally. However, we cannot forget the influence of humans on our climate. We have been affecting the climate since we appeared on this earth millions of years ago. In those times, the affect on the climate was small. Trees were cut down to provide wood for fires. Trees take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. A reduction in trees will therefore have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The Industrial Revolution has had a huge effect on climate. The invention of the motor engine and the increased burning of fossil fuels have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The number of trees being cut down has also increased, meaning that the extra carbon dioxide produced cannot be changed into oxygen. **

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= = = = =Should Animal Experimentation Be Permitted?= The main debate questions the ethical and moral implications of using animal experimentation in for biomedical research. Should animals be assigned the same moral status as human beings? Animal Rights groups fail to comprehend the need for animal research. Their argument is furthered by a brief history of the use of animal research for the advancement of medical science. Throughout the 2,000-year plus history of the use of animals in research, technological advances such as vaccines for infectious diseases such as pertussis, rubella, measles, and poliomyelitis have been developed a result. In addition, several surgical techniques, such as coronary artery bypass grafts, were first developed through animal experimentation. Humans are not the only species that has benefited animal research. Various vaccines have been invented to protect various animals - cats, dogs, horses, and hogs just to name a few - from diseases ranging from distemper to encephalitis, all as a result of animal research. The argument by the opposition that adequate alternatives to animal research should be used is countered by the fact that, in most cases, alternatives to using animals in research do not exist. If animals do not continued to be used in research, many more people will suffer and/or die if no viable alternative is found. =Should restrictions be placed on the use of mobile phonesin public areas like restaurants and theaters?= Cell phones have become part of a standard and an accessory in almost everyone’s lives. We depend on it to communicate everyday. However when do cell phones become a distraction rather than an attraction? Should cell phones be accepted into only certain areas? In libraries there are designated areas for chatting, in most hospitals cell phones are not permitted and gas stations have placed warnings of the danger of cell phone use. With all these warnings and restrictions, should restaurants follow? Our need to stay in constant touch with friends, family and co-workers is an obsession that has become a public distraction. Public cell phone chatter has spilled over to weddings, funerals, theaters, sporting events and restaurants.The need for cell phones is at the highest level of obsession with the availability of cell phone in airplanes and Bluetooth technology enabling hands free capability. With the rapid increase of the number of cell phone users, cell phone manners become more important.Renowned restauranteur states “cell phones have become so widespread that the entire etiquette aspect has been skipped over.” Meyer’s has placed signs in his restaurants that refrain guest from using their cell phones in the dining room. Other restaurateurs have completely banned the use of cell phones. However, not all restaurants have banned cell phone use nor placed any restrictions. Many owners of restaurants believe people are overreacting and don’t see it as a problem. As a restaurant customer himself, he admits to using his cell phone while dining. Cell phone use in restaurants should be kept at a minimum. Conversations should be kept private as no else needs to know all the details. Talking loudly and conversing for extending period of time is not only annoying but rude to other customers.Restaurants should encourage cell phone etiquette and place signs outside their door refraining customers to use their cell phone during dining service. Signs may not stop cell phone usage, but it can be a deterrent.Therefore, when a problem arises, restaurant owners have the right to address the situation. Banning cell phones is another option that some have taken, but may not be the best solution as it may turn business customers away. It comes down to reminding the customer where they are and to kindly take their conversation outside. Most customers will understand and will do as told. Implementing a cell phone policy for restaurant customers should also be applied to restaurant employees. It would be a double standard if you allowed your employees to converse on their cell phones in the public eye. Cell phones should be turned off prior to the start of work.Remember, employees are paid to work, not chat on the phone. The restaurant is a workplace, a professional environment. It is not a playground or a house. Set the rules in the beginning. The best and most effective way to implement a cell phone policy is during training. I would be a hypocrite if I said that I despised all cell phone users in restaurants because I have been one of them. Rarely do you find me on extended conversations while dining with friends. If I have chosen to pick up the call, I do it because I have to and I have informed my guests ahead of time.In respect for my guests and other restaurant customers, I will always take a call outside. So like me, if you need to take a call you should excuse yourself from the table. Another point to keep mind, place your ringer on vibrate or silent. There’s nothing worst than having a loud ringer or tunes as ringtone in the background. Keep your conversations to yourself, there’s no need to share it with the world. =Should the death penalty be mandatory for people that killother people?= The death penalty is legal in many countries, but that doesn't mean that it's legal everywhere in world. Lets take an example of USA. Several states have chosen to abolish the death penalty within their own borders because they have seen how faulty this practice is. 12 states do not have the death penalty. These states tend to be on the more liberal side of things concerning state legislation, which follows with the general trend of conservatives pro- and liberals anti-death penalty. Following that trend, southern states carry the large majority of execution. As you can see in this map, since the death penalty was reestablished in 1977, Texas, Virginia, Florida, Oklahoma, and Missouri have the largest amount of executions. The southern part of the United States accounts for 879 of the 1,079 executions, or about 81.5%. Many other states have a smaller number of executions, and these too tend to be southern states. Obviously there is something strange here if there can be such a difference between states on how someone is punished. Basically, if you commit a crime you might be sent to prison for life, but you won’t be killed. But committing that same crime significantly increases your chances of being executed for the same crime. I realize that there are definite differences from state to state (taxes and other governmental aspects), but when the consequence of having a difference between states means hundreds of lives, it seems that something should be changed. There should be a federal standard world wide to have a definite limit on punishment. And since it is not possible or ethical to force a state to execute someone if they are not willing to do so; the sensible thing to do would be to eliminate the death penalty completely from our borders. I do think that the disparities among court rulings between states regarding the death penalty give us even ore reason to question the ethics of the practice. I do not, however, think we can simply ask all states to abide by the same Anti-capital punishment laws. It is not that simple because those who support the death penalty think it would be a moral disservice to deny the judicial system this right. Therefore, you can't say it is easier to force everyone to be anti-death penalty rather than force people to be pro.

=Should the "Right to Die " be Considered a Right?= The term "right to die" refers to various issues related to the decision of whether an individual who could continue to live with the aid of life suport, or in a diminished or enfeebled capacity, should be allowed to die. In some cases, it refers to the idea that a person with a terminal illness and in serious condition should be allowed to commit suicide before death would otherwise occur. The concept is often referred to as dying with dignity. The question of who–if anyone–should be empowered to make these decisions is often central to the debate. Most often, the idea of the right to die is related to a person's wish that caregivers allow death—for example, by not providing life support or vital medication—under certain conditions when recovery is highly unlikely or impossible. It may also refer to issues regarding physician-assisted suicide. It may be called passive euthanasia in cases where the patient is unable to make decisions about treatment. Living wills and Do Not Resuscitate orders are legal instruments that make a patient's treatment decisions known ahead of time; allowing a patient to die based on such decisions is not considered to be euthanasia. Usually these patients have also made explicit their wish to receive only palliative care to reduce pain and suffering. The term 'Euthanasia' comes from the Greek word for 'easy death'. It is the one of the most public policy issues being debated about today. Also called 'mercy killing', euthanasia is the act of purposely making or helping someone die, instead of allowing nature to take its course. Basically euthanasia means killing in the name of compassion. On the contrary, it promotes abuse, gives doctors the right to murder and in addition, is contradictory to religious beliefs. Whether one agrees or not, past experiences as well as the present continuously point out that euthanasia promotes abuse. Scientists warned that euthanasia would give a small group of doctors "the power of life and death over individuals who have committed no crime except that of becoming ill or being born, and might lead toward state tyranny and totalitarianism." Euthanasia, at the moment is illegal in most parts of the world. In the Netherlands it is practiced widely even though it remains illegal. The Dutch incident is an ideal example of how euthanasia has promoted abuse in the past and therefore as the old proverb goes we should "learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones". Euthanasia gives physicians, who are only humans-the right to murder. Doctors are people who we trust to save and cure us, we regard them as the people who have been trained to save our lives but euthanasia gives doctors the opportunity to play God and most seize this opportunity. One can also learn a lot from the mass murder that took place in Germany during World War II. Over 100,000 people were killed in the Nazi's euthanasia program. During the War, the doctors were responsible for, selecting those patients who were to be euthanized, carrying out the injections at the killing centers, and generating the paperwork that provided a medically credible cause of death for the surviving family members. Surprisingly, organizations such as the General Ambulance Service, Charitable Sick Transports, and the Charitable Foundation for Institutional Care transported patients to the six killing centers, where euthanasia was accomplished by lethal injections or in children's cases, slow starvation. Throughout the past and the present, euthanasia has given doctors an excuse to get away with their crimes; it has given mere humans the power to play God. The physician's role is to make a diagnosis, and sound judgments about medical treatment, not whether the patient's life is worth living. They have an obligation to perform sufficient care, not to refrain from giving the patient food and water until that person dies. Medical advances in recent years have made it possible to keep terminally ill people alive for beyond a length of time even if it is without any hope of recovery or improvement. Islam too finds euthanasia to be immoral and against God's teachings. Actually, the whole concept of a life not worthy of living does not exist in Islam! There is absolutely no justification of taking life to escape suffering in Islam. Patience and endurance are highly regarded and rewarded values in Islam. When means of preventing or alleviating pain fall short, this spiritual dimension can be very effectively called upon to support the patient who believes that accepting and standing unavoidable pain will be to his/her credit in the hereafter, the real and enduring life. This shows that euthanasia is contradictory to most religious beliefs and is certainly baloney to those who believe in God and the sanctity of life. Euthanasia should not be legalized. It is by no means a solution to human suffering. Though euthanasia is a controversial subject, it is evident that it only disrupts the normal pattern of life and leads toward creating a more violent and abusive society. Life is a gift and not a choice and practices such as euthanasia violate this vital concept of human society.

=Forests are the lungs of the earth.Should the rain forests destruction be prohibited? How is it possible to protect forests?= Rain forest has important role of human life. Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750-2000 mm. Rainforests are home to two-thirds of all the living animal and plant species on Earth. It has been estimated that many hundreds of millions of species of plants, insects and microorganisms are still undiscovered. Tropical rainforests have been called the "Earth's lungs," although it is now known that rainforests contribute little net oxygen additions to the atmosphere through photosynthesis. More than half of the world's species of plants and animals are found in the rainforest. Rainforests support a very broad array of fauna including mammals, reptiles, birds and invertebrates. Mammals may include primates, felids and other families. Reptiles include snakes, turtles, chameleons and other families while birds include such families as vangidae and cuculidae. Dozens of families of invertebrates are found in rainforests. Fungi are also very common in rainforest areas as they can feed on the decomposing remains of plant and animal life.Tropical rainforests have been also called the "jewels of the Earth," and the "world's largest pharmacy," because of the large number of natural medicines discovered there. People can’t live perfectly without forest. Forest has many functions for human life. Wood is the most important and the most used by people. With wood people can make paper, a house, furniture, and many more. But, nowadays many people don’t care about the rain forest. They cutting the trees, take out the trash in the forest, exploitation the forest and many more.They don’t care the effect of rain forest destruction, they just priority their want. The rain forest destruction must be prohibited. The bad effect of rain forest destruction can damage an animal habitats, temperature of earth can be hotter than now, water sea level can raising, island sinking, and flooding. First, rainforest destruction can damage animal habitats. Many animals were extinct. Animal extinct happened because of human activity, for example exploitations the forest and animal didn’t have house, cant live so that they dead. ”badak bercula satu” is one of example of animal extinct, it cause by the forest destruction. And now the government of Indonesia make a place in ujung kulon(west java) for conserve “badak becula satu”. Secondly, the rainforest destruction can cause temperature of earth can be hotter than now. Nowadays temperature on our earth is hotter than past. Why it can be happened? People cutting trees or exploitations the forest is the first factor. One of the function of rain forest are rain forest can circulate the CO2 in our earth and change it into 02 that human need for respirations. However if the number of trees just a little, it can interfere with the circulation of CO2 into O2. Forest destruction can decrease the adsorbing of CO2 and the earths will hotter cause of gas CO2. Thirdly, the rainforest destruction can make Water Sea level rising. It can happened cause the temperature of earth hotter, than it can make melting of North and South Pole, so that the water level can increasing. Fourthly, the rain forest destruction can cause an island sinking. Because of the water level increasing, many islands were sinking. An Island can sink because water sea level increasing, make flooding and the island are covering by sea water. Finally, flood. Flooding can happened because of increasing of water sea level. High water sea level gets into the land and makes flooding. Example is street aim to bandara internasional soekarno hatta has flooding because of water sea level get into cengkareng street. As a conclusion, the rain forest has an important role in human life. If we are not care about our forest earth will be messy. We must supported many program which to care, to protect, and to converse our environment. We must prohibit the rain forest destruction, if we are no stop that, it can cause many problems in human life.

=Should sex education be increased in schools in an attempt to curb problems such as teenage pregnancy?= The harmful effects of early sexual activity are well documented. They include sexually transmitted diseases, teen pregnancy, and out-of-wedlock childbearing. As well, teen sexual activity is linked to emotional problems, such as depression, and increased risk of suicide. Abstinence education programs, which encourage teens to delay the onset of sexual activity, are effective in curbing such problems. Opponents of abstinence education, however, claim that abstinence programs don’t work and that there has been “no scientific evidence that abstinence programs are effective”.New research proves abstinence education opponents wrong once again. Sex education and contraception in schools make children as quasi adults, capable of making their own life choices. Children are being taught that sexually transmitted diseases could be easily treated and there is no acknowledgement of the emotional harm of premature sexual activity. The truth is that more sex education and contraception are provided to children andteenagers, the more they fall pregant. Studies have shown that access to contraceptions and sex education, sexual activity and conception and prgnancy rates go up. The teaching of sex education could not curb teenage pregnancies. Infact, ithas simply increased it. The spectre of hidden epidemic of sex crimes inside classrooms has emerged, there have beennearly 900 rapes or sex attacks in schools. The vast majority of victims were school children under the age of 16. As many as one in three were under 11. According to official figures, nearly half of babies are now born out of wedlock. They are more likely to suffer social.mental and emotional problems. Researchers have revealed the migrants are more likely to have children within marriage. If Muslim children keep on attending state schools with non-Muslim monolingualk teachers than there is a possibility that teenage Muslim girls will have children out of wedlock. It is also gross hypocrisy for the police to prosecute paedophiles when the government is overseeing boy scouts being given condoms from the age 11 and girls of the same age being told it is OK to have sex if they use 'protection'. Boys and girls at age 11 are not allowed to marry but they can have sex and produce children. Every parent is worried about his child being indoctrinated into the idea that gay and sexual promiscuity is "normal" modes of behaviour. At the same time, all parents have the right to control their children and it is their Duty to control them.

=Is there too much of commercialism in the Internet?= Having recently read an article about the way in wich eBay and MercadoLibre are planning to work in the following years, there are no doubts whatsoever that there is too much commercialism in the Internet. Put it in this way, this seems to be something bad. But in fact, this is not. Commercialism is practically the basis that supports much of the nternet. First of all, to have an e-mail account on Hotmail or Yahoo is technically free of charge. It is possible that you pay for your connection to the Net. But you don?t pay a regularly sum of money just to keep your e-mail account activated, as you are supposed to do with, for example, accounts in banks. And it is exctly with commercialism, more presicely with advertising that the accounts succed to survive. It is probable that you have noticed that within your e-mail page and within any web page there are a lots of advertising links. Well, the people behind those brands and enterprises which offer all kind of services and products through the Internet do really pay monthly sums of money. On the other hand, commerce itself leaves a lot of money on the nternet, and it is also a means by which it continues existing. The business of buying and selling things through the Net is nowadays lead by the two wordly enterprises eBay and MercadoLibre which until September 2006 have worked together in the market. By offering the best garantees to customers who use these companies and the fewer requirementes for the ones who want to register on them, eBay and MercadoLibre are the most real proof that commercialism is a greater part of the Internet. The thing is, that this is not as bad as we think. the advantages of Internet are, undoubtely, a lot. And as I said, Internet existes practically because of commerce. Consaquently, there are no rasons to worry if the presence of it is too high on the Net.

=We are becoming overwhelmingly dependent on computers. Is this dependence on computers a good thing or should we be more suspicious of their benefits?= Computers represent one of the most significant inventions in civilization of mankind. Computers are just to make things easier and faster. We are using the technology for a better life. It has become part of our lives and we are more than dependent on computers. Depending on computer is not a good thing.I think we should use but not depend on it. Many people today are enjoying a day-to-day reliance on the Internet. They talk abot e-shopping, e-trading, e-therapy and just about "e-everything".One of many concerns is that humans will no longer need to relate with one another for information and services the Internet can now provide.In my opinion, the accelerating speed of information should not replace human communication, thinking or creativity. Computers can be used for a variety of things like: write a letter and keep in touch, do shopping, communicating with each other at great distances, meet new people, share new ideas, downloading music, videos, pictures and easy way to store information .The advantages are endless but there are also many disadvantages like: fraud, child exploitation, data corruption, violence, pornography or theft of money, credit and personal information. Much information about people is now made public and shared between private organizations. In the right hands, this information can be helpful, but in the wrong hands can have several detrimental effects. Many studies show that children spend more time in front of their computers,playing video games or chatting than going out playing in the park with other children.Children loose their time and stay up too late and this can cause health problems especially at the eyes. But not only the children spend a lot of time in front of the pc playing games, even grown up people do this. in rest pc and the internet are very helpful. It would be a very hard life without this two components of our life. What is a big problem is that children become more and more addicted of pc and internet and we should expect that in the future we won’t see anymore children outside playing together. But let’s hope that the world will not change so much and in the near future we will still see children playing with balls or other games, but not in front of the pc. Before I met the internet and the pc it all was so simple, but now I can’t imagine my life without them. And I don’t think that it’s a bad thing because they make my life easier and I’m not addicted of them wich is the most important thing. Internet really is the greatest invention. But the parents who buy pc’s to their children should be very careful at them and they should make them a program, not too long, when they can stay in front of their pc and play. Another not so good thing is that since the internet appeared books and newspapers tragically became less and less used. The authors have a very hard time trying to sale their creations, and children started to forget about reading old but good books. And of course if you would ask a child who plays a lot on the pc, about a very famous but old author he won’t know anything about him unless he studied him at school. This I must say it is a very bad thing and it’s growing, just like the internet but in the other way. In spite of the bad aspects, computers have become such an important part of our life that is hard to imagine living without them.Whether it is bad or good, we can't stop depending on it.

=Should we do more to deal with the problem of domestic violence, or is the problem exaggerated?= Domestic violence is the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior perpetrated by an intimate partner against another. It is an epidemic affecting individuals in every community, regardless of age, economic status, race, religion, nationality or educational background. Violence against women is often accompanied by emotionally abusive and controlling behavior, and thus is part of a systematic pattern of dominance and control. Domestic violence results in physical injury, psychological trauma, and sometimes death. The consequences of domestic violence can cross generations and truly last a lifetime. Around the world at least one woman in every three has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime. Most often the abuser is a member of her own family.A prime example of this is domestic violence in same sex couples. Whether it's because the officer taking the report didn't know, didn't care or didn't want to "call it that", or because the parties involved were reluctant to expose the nature of the relationship, most domestic violence incidents between gays and lesbians end up classified as "assault" or "battery" - seriously skewing the true statistics and making it almost impossible to use the common statistical reports for guidance or insight into the issue. Another often problematic example occurs when trying to extrapolate information from statistical reports where external factors play an important role, yet aren't accounted for. Any amount of research concerning victimization is bound to run into strange and misleading numbers. An obvious example of this concerns abuse in low vs. high income families. While on the surface, it may appear that low levels of income go hand-in-hand with higher levels of domestic violence, one must keep in mind that available income has significant weight on the options available to victims. While a low-income mother with three small infants might appear on statistical reports when getting a restraining order, when entering a domestic violence shelter, or when applying for TANF services due to family violence, the white collar mother with two in college might flee to a hotel for a few weeks, file for divorce, and move back to the city where the bulk of her family resides. In these scenarios, the low-income victim shows up all over the place in various statistical reports (from the court, from the shelter, and from the social services agency) while the white collar victim only shows up on a hotel register, on a civil court docket for divorce, and in the records of the local moving business. In other words, violence against her and/or her children, while every bit as dangerous and abusive, simply doesn't exist - on anyone's offical paper. Domestic violence is a serious problem. It is a common cause of injury. Victims may suffer physical injuries such as bruises or broken bones. They may suffer emotionally from depression, anxiety or social isolation. It is hard to know exactly how common domestic violence is, because people often don't report it. There is no typical victim. It happens among people of all ages. It affects those of all levels of income and education.

=Should drivers of automobiles be prohibited from using cellular phones?= In my essay i address whether drivers of automobiles should be prohibited from using cellular phones. I strongly support that while driving the use of cellular phones must be prohibited. the consequences resulting from the use of mobiles while driving can be dramatic. Therefore, laws need to be in place to curb and ultimately stop people using mobiles whilst driving. Drivers need to be aware of what is going on around them at all times, when on the road. The use of mobiles allows a drivers concentration to be diverted from the road, which could lead to the car veering off and causing an accident. The latest fad of twittering, texting and photo messaging is perhaps even more of a danger, as it requires the mobile user to constantly remove his vision from the road to the mobile screen. When driving it is not unusuall to see cars slamming on breaks to avoid hitting cars that have slowed down in front due to them taking their eyes of the road to create or answer a message. Currently in several countries world wide there are laws in place that prevent drivers from using cell phones, however, this is not always possible to enforce due to lack of available resources. Communities could take on this responsibility to some extent, by holding functions in parks, universities and colleges in order to raise awarness to the dangers of using cell phones while driving. In conclusion I believe as adulsts we all have to take responsibility for the use of mobiles use when driving. Constant awareness through government and community, needs to be in place. Revealing images of horrendous accidents where people were seriously hurt or died can achieve good results when trying to raise awareness.

=Should the cigarettes smoking be banned as heroin consumption?= Tobacco is one of the most widely-used recreational drugs in the world; mainly in the form of cigarettes, but also in cigars and pipes, and in combination with cannabis and marijuana in 'joints'. Although most countries put age restrictions on its use, over a billion adults smoke tobacco legally every day, and supplying this demand is big business. As well as having serious health consequences for smokers themselves, the pollution of other people's atmospheres with cigarette smoke also makes this an environmental issue.Attitudes have changed rapidly over the past twenty years. In the developed world, public opinion has shifted against smoking. By the 1990s, the sheer weight of evidence had forced major tobacco companies to admit that their products are both harmful and addictive. Many governments have substantially increased taxes on tobacco in order to discourage smoking, and often to alleviate the economic costs of smoking-related illness. However, while smoking has declined amongst some groups, it has increased amongst others - particularly young women. Meanwhile restrictions on the industry in the developed world have seen a new emphasis on developing nations, and new markets. What would be the effects of banning smoking in all public places, or even completely?While a government has a responsibility to protect its population, it also has a responsibility to defend their freedom of choice. The law steps in to prevent citizens causing harm to others, whether deliberately or accidentally. However, it should not stop them taking risks themselves - for example, dangerous sports such as rock-climbing, parachuting or motor-racing are legal. It is also legal to indulge in other health-threatening activities such as eating lots of fatty foods, taking no exercise, and drinking too much alcohol. Banning smoking would be an unmerited intrusion into personal freedom. Cigarettes are very different from dangerous cars or poisonous foods. As the proposition points out, cigarettes are not dangerous because they are defective; rather they are inherently, potentially, harmful. But people should still be allowed to choose to buy and smoke them. A better comparison is to unhealthy foods. High cholesterol or a high intake of fat can be extremely harmful, leading to heart disease, obesity, and other conditions; but manufacturers of these products are not punished. Consumers simply like the taste of fatty food. People should be allow to smoke cigarettes and to eat fatty foods - both these things are sources of pleasure which, while having serious associated health risks, are only fatal after many decades, unlike a poisonous food or an unsafe car, which pose immediate and high risks. A comparison to hard drugs is inaccurate - tobacco is not debilitating in the same way that many illegal narcotics may be, nor is it comparable to the likes of heroin in terms of addictiveness, nor is it a mind-altering substance that leads to irrational, violent, or criminal behaviour. In this sense it is much less harmful than e.g. alcohol. The fact that so many smokers give up every year is testament to this. Many other substances and activities can be addictive (e.g. coffee, physical exercise) but this is no reason to make them illegal. People are able to abstain if they choose to live a healthier life, but many enjoy their use as part of their everyday existence. It would be crazy to criminalise an activity indulged in by about one sixth of the world population. The lesson of prohibition of alcohol in America in the 1920s was that banning a recreational drug used by a large proportion of the population merely leads to crime and contraband. It would also mean that governments would lose tax revenue from tobacco sales - a major source of income for national health and other resources in many countries. The evidence for passive smoking is very slim indeed, with very few controlled studies having been carried out. At most, those who live with heavy smokers for a long period of time may have a very slightly increased risk of cancer. It is true that smoke-filled environments can be unpleasant for non-smokers, but there are reasonable and responsible ways around this - smoking rooms in offices and airports are an excellent example. Some bars and restaurants may choose to be non-smoking establishments, giving customers the choice to select their environment. Allowing people to make their own, adult decisions is surely always the best option. Restricting smoking in public places may sometimes be appropriate, banning it altogether would be lunacy. There is no good evidence that either of these measures would have an impact on the rate of tobacco consumption. Cigarette companies claim that advertisements are merely to persuade people to switch brands, not to start smoking in the first place. People start smoking through peer pressure - indeed the more of a 'forbidden fruit' cigarettes become, the more attractive they will be to adolescents. As for health warnings, if the knowledge that cigarettes have serious health risks deterred people from smoking then no-one would smoke any more. People start and continue to smoke in the full knowledge of the health risks.

=Shall we integrate from Marketing to E-Marketing?= In the rapidly changing world, we should integrate from marketing to E-marketing. According to the marketing nature, the Public Relations and marketing are related closely and consisted of some elements such as positioning brand name, packaging, pricing, advertising, and sale promotion. In addition, the marketing mix is formed with 4 Ps, Product, Place, Price, and Promotion and the main purpose of marketing is identifying and meeting human and social needs. Hence, the marketing should be interactive relation with human and societies, and it should have wider scope. To support these factors, the internet will renovate the traditional marketing to E-marketing. Traditional marketing and E-marketing have many similarities and implementations. Therefore, transforming the traditional marketing to E-marketing must be an evolution. The major differences between these two, are speeds of communicating with customers, cost saving, time saving, and response rate or tracking effectiveness. Obviously, the traditional marketing consumed a lot of times and spent more funding. But, it was difficult to measure its results and see the outcomes.Moreover the brand’s positioning must be continuously communicated to consumers. In order to carry out the brand positioning, the traditional marketing used to apply advertising, making personal experience with the brand, word of mouth, personal interactions with company people, TV, radio and telephone interactions. As results, the company had to spend huge amount on advertising and waited for responses several days. For the traditional marketing, the target markets were limited by reaching of company. Some times, the marketers have to do hard work for getting right segmentations as they have limited resources to analyze the market situation and to adjust the products in accordance with market needs with timely manners. For promotion activities, the traditional marketing also faces similar barriers. It is not able to communicate unlimited consumers and local people just recognize its promotion. The traditional market is always bounded not to be able to identify and meet human and social needs correctly. Traditional marketing is much more expensive than direct email marketing. For a direct mail campaign, the company will have costs for creating and printing its brochures and delivery expenses. Beside that it is much more expensive, it takes much more time to create and implement any of the traditional marketing campaigns or off-line advertising. There are no such precise techniques for tracking in traditional marketing. The marketer simply can't know exactly how many people actually took the time to read ad in the newspaper. The marketer might know how many people bought that newspaper, but can't be certain how many opened the page that the ad was on or saw it on that page. The same is true for radio and television. The marketer might know how many people tuned in to a particular program, but don't know if they turned the volume down, went to the bathroom or were on the phone while the message was broadcast. Many statistics can be provided on radio and television demographics, listener population, etc.; but they can't provide quantified data on how many people actually listened to the message. To get feedback from the customers using traditional survey techniques, the company will have to hire people who find customers and ask questions. Then the company will have to adapt questionnaire data into statistical form for reports. It is time consuming process, but results is not reliable for hundred percent. Internet marketing, also referred to as online marketing or E-marketing, is the marketing of products or services over the Internet. Today, with just under 1 billion Internet users world-wide, the E-marketing is being implemented by most companies. Internet marketing methods include search engine marketing, display advertising, e-mail marketing, affiliate marketing, interactive advertising, blog marketing, and viral marketing. As results, the E-marketing generates more benefits for the companies than the traditional marketing. The nature of the internet means businesses now have a truly global reach. While traditional media costs limit this kind of reach to huge multinationals, the E-marketing opens up new avenues for smaller businesses, on a much smaller budget, to access potential consumers from all over the world. The E-marketing allows the marketer to reach consumers in a wide range of ways and enables the marketer to offer a wide range of products and services. With the range of new technologies becoming available all the time, the marketing scope can only grow with the internet access. Whereas the traditional marketing is largely about getting a brand's message out there, the E-marketing facilitates conversations between companies and consumers. With a two-way communication channel, companies can feed off of the responses of their consumers, making them more dynamic and adaptive. Therefore, it is able to, in ways never before imagined, provide an immediate impact. Although the E-marketing has many advantages, some people pointed out that the E-marketing has very dangerous weak point, hacking into the customer database of a major Internet merchant, by thieves and hackers. There are some stories about hacking the data bases, but the internet users can prevent with strong software such as firewall, spy ware remover, etc and Internet Police Service-provider can protect and catch these hackings. Other people also complained with spam emails and pop-up ad. These annoyances are also overcome with Information Technical supports and these problems are assumed as daily stuff by the internet users. Anyway, the E-marketing will ultimately dominate the marketing world, with all other forms of marketing becoming subordinate to it. Indeed, the marketing is open system and affected by Politic, Economic, Social, and Technology. In order to catch up such technological change, the traditional marketing should be assimilated with E-marketing.

= = = = = = = INTERVIEW =

//** The use of the Internet offers a variety of benefits to everyone who is willing to use it. The enormous amount of information available and the many uses one can have through the internet have made it the most valuable tool in various settings of a person’s life. The Internet has an enormous amount of publications added on it every day and it’s evolving as the most powerful source of information. Also, use of the Internet has made jobs easier and oversimplified tasks that would take an enormous amount of time before. Moreover, the Internet has become a great tool for avoiding the hassles of the bank, offering the chance to make the transactions quickly and safely. It also offers a powerful source for shopping and the easiness of having your products delivered straight to your house, should you decide you do not want to go out. Furthermore, the widespread use of the Internet has opened new areas of jobs in all countries and expanded the availabilities of working from home. Last, the Internet is one of the most valuable tools in educations since it provides an enormous amount of information and is the greatest source of reference for educators and students. The electronic libraries are of utmost importance for University students looking for scientific information for their courses. Another major benefit of the internet is its ability to minimize distances and provide communication services efficiently and without any cost. In general, the Internet is a multi-tool with applications on every aspect of someone’s life. **
 * About the Internet usage at school and does the Internet help students somehow, can they learn something from it, for which purposes they are using it and how many hours per a day students are using Internet, I will make a short interview and ask students these several questions... **
 * 1. What do you use Internet for? **
 * A) to research for homework **
 * B) to chat **
 * C) just for fun **

** 2. How much time per day do you Online? ** // //** A) 2 hours ** 3. Do you think that Internet in school is necessary? **
 * B) 4 hours **
 * C) 8 hours **
 * D) other **
 * A) Yes, every student will learn more. **
 * B) No, it’s not a good idea. It will distract the students from learning. **
 * C) Others should decide. For example principal, ministry. **
 * D) I don’t care. **

** 4. Why do you need Internet at school? **
 * A) To check information **
 * B) To collaborate **
 * C) To create WEB pages **
 * D) Other **
 * 5. **** If there is Internet, would you like to use Facebook? **
 * A) Yes **
 * B) No **
 * C) Maybe a good idea. **

** 6. Which of these would you use the most at school? **
 * A) Facebook **
 * B) Kajgana **
 * C) Twitter **
 * D) Youtube **

** 7. Do you think that you would be more motivated to study if you had Internet at school? **
 * A) Yes **
 * B) No **
 * I interviewed 40 students, 20 of them boys and 20 girls and here are the answers they gave me... **//
 * female || question 1 || question 2 || question 3 || question 4 || question 5 || question 6 || question 7 ||
 * 1 || C || B || C || A || C || D || B ||
 * 2 || A || A || A || B || A || A || B ||
 * 3 || B || C || C || B || A || A || B ||
 * 4 || B || B || C || D || C || B || A ||
 * 5 || A || B || B || C || B || C || B ||
 * 6 || C || C || D || A || B || C || A ||
 * 7 || B || C || A || A || A || A || A ||
 * 8 || A || C || B || D || C || D || B ||
 * 9 || C || B || B || B || C || D || B ||
 * 10 || C || B || A || C || A || B || B ||
 * 11 || C || A || C || D || B || C || B ||
 * 12 || B || B || C || D || A || D || A ||
 * 13 || C || D || D || B || B || A || B ||
 * 14 || A || A || D || A || B || B || A ||
 * 15 || B || A || A || C || C || D || B ||
 * 16 || B || C || A || B || A || B || B ||
 * 17 || B || B || B || B || C || C || B ||
 * 18 || C || B || C || D || C || D || A ||
 * 19 || C || A || B || A || A || A || B ||
 * 20 || B || D || A || D || B || B || B ||
 * male ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * 1 || C || D || A || D || B || C || A ||
 * 2 || C || A || D || D || B || D || A ||
 * 3 || C || B || B || A || A || A || B ||
 * 4 || B || C || B || C || C || B || B ||
 * 5 || A || A || C || B || B || C || B ||
 * 6 || A || A || A || B || B || D || A ||
 * 7 || B || C || A || D || A || A || B ||
 * 8 || B || B || D || B || C || B || A ||
 * 9 || C || B || C || A || B || C || B ||
 * 10 || C || D || C || B || A || A || A ||
 * 11 || C || D || C || B || C || B || A ||
 * 12 || B || C || B || D || C || D || B ||
 * 13 || A || A || A || A || A || B || A ||
 * 14 || B || A || D || D || A || A || B ||
 * 15 || C || B || B || C || B || C || B ||
 * 16 || C || C || C || C || B || D || B ||
 * 17 || C || D || C || A || B || C || A ||
 * 18 || B || C || A || B || A || A || B ||
 * 19 || C || A || D || C || C || B || B ||
 * 20 || A || B || B || A || A || B || A ||

= Business Culture in India =

As a country, India covers a land area greater than that of Europe. Its inhabitants speak a bewildering array of languages (16 official languages as well as innumerable local dialects and patois) The people live in twenty-eight states and seven union territories. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that India is a country about which it is very difficult to make sweeping generalisations. Yet, India presents a massive market opportunity for companies who wish to expand their markets internationally. With a population in excess of one billion - many millions of whom are reasonably affluent and possess large disposable incomes, the sub-continent is widely tipped as one of the twenty-first century's potential success stories. Those business organisations that wish to profit from India's rise, would do well to spend a little time studying the cultural norms which drive the thinking of the Indian people. Although it is difficult to generalise about approach to business in India, there are certain factors which would seem to be almost universal in their applicability and which need to be borne in mind when working with Indian contacts. These issues include the fact that India is a country in which relationships are placed before business and thus the relationship phase of the business cycle could be considered to be the most important. In addition, the legacy of the caste system ensures that businesses are extremely hierarchically structured and that the boss is very definitely the boss. *Business Structures in India In many ways, business structures mirror Indian society. Both are extremely hierarchical in nature, where people have an allotted position which they do not attempt to overturn. Thus, companies tend to be run by one very strong individual (especially in the ubiquitous family companies) who will issue direct instructions down the chain of command. Everybody expects that these instructions will be given in a fairly authoritarian manner and that they will be followed unquestioningly by those further down the chain. People do not question either their position within the organisation or the validity of decisions taken - greater forces (karma and dharma) prescribe all of these. Thus, when doing business in India it usually necessary to liaise as near to the top as possible. A great deal of time can be wasted dealing with middle management who may have very little impact on the final decision. If dealing in the middle, try to deal with those who have some influence over the real decision-maker. Many MNC's try to introduce a flatter, more egalitarian structure to their Indian subsidiary in order to align it with other offices in the group. This may prove difficult in a country where hierarchy is unquestioningly accepted. It may not be impossible to take this approach but it is certain to require a great deal of explanation, retraining and patience. *Business Management As has already been stated, India is an enormously hierarchical society (arguably the most hierarchical in the world) and this, obviously, has an impact on management style. It is imperative that there is a boss and that the manager acts like a boss. The position of manager demands a certain amount of role-playing from the boss and a certain amount of deferential behaviour from his subordinates. The boss is definitely not expected to perform any seemingly 'menial' tasks such as making coffee for everybody or moving chairs in a meeting room! Anglo-Saxon concepts of egalitarianism where the boss is the primus inter pares are virtually incomprehensible in a society still dominated by the historical conventions of the caste system. Therefore, the boss is expected to give explicit instructions which will be followed to the letter - even if everybody knows full well that the instruction is incorrect. Vague requests for action, with the expectation that staff will show the necessary level of initiative are likely to end in inaction, as staff will be left confused as to the wishes of the manager. Managing people in India requires a level of micro-management which many western business people feel extremely uncomfortable with but, which is likely to bring the best results. *Team Working Team working, as understood in the Anglo-Saxon world is alien to the Indian approach to business. A team expects to be given exact and complete instructions by the team-leader or boss and then to follow those instructions exactly. Team members would not be expected to query the instructions passed down to them and would expect to follow them even when it became apparent that things were going wrong. Therefore, the team leader takes complete responsibility for the success or failure of a project and needs to be constantly on top of progress and looking out for problems. If anything goes awry, the team leader is expected to sort it out personally. Once again, micro-management is the key. *Comumunications Styles English is one of the fifteen official languages in India and is the only one which is universally spoken by the educated sections of society. English is deemed to be neutral and does not carry any of the regional connotations which cause so much friction in Indian political life. Therefore, many Indians speak excellent, almost perfect English and it would be unusual to meet any business person engaged in international trade who was unable to converse in the language. As with many Asians, Indians find it very difficult to say no - feeling that to do so would be offensive and lead to difficult ongoing relationships. Thus, when faced with disagreement, you are likely to encounter vagueness and lack of commitment. Answers such as, 'We'll try' or 'Yes, but it may prove difficult' should be viewed with great suspicion and will probably mean 'No'. The danger is that you will be told what people think you want to hear, rather than any unpalatable truths. Do not attempt to force your Indian contacts to be more direct and forthright than they feel comfortable with otherwise you may frighten them away. As Indians are highly family-oriented, do not be surprised if many meetings begin with questions about your family. Such small talk is considered to be highly civilised behaviour and a good way to establish meaningful dialogue later in the proceedings. Do not be over-eager to move things onto an empirical business basis too quickly. *Women in Business Foreign women seem to have little difficulty being accepted in an Indian organisation. It would appear that the rank of an individual supersedes any notions of gender inequality which may be inherent in Indian society. If a woman has the position of manager, she must be there for a reason and her instructions will be followed just as diligently as those of a male manager. It is important that women managers act at all times in a formal manner with male subordinates, as any overt signs of friendship or affection could be misconstrued. *Business Dress Code Men tend to wear smart, but comfortable and cool clothing. Any foreign businessman should wear a lightweight suit when visiting although ties are not compulsory except in more traditional sectors such as banking and the law.Women should wear conservative dresses or trouser suits. Clothing should not reveal too much skin - especially legs.Try to avoid wearing leather clothing, as this could be offensive to Hindus who revere cows.If travelling in the rainy season, make sure you have appropriate clothing and an umbrella. *Entertaining As in all relationship-driven cultures, business entertaining is an important part of the whole commercial process. Take every opportunity to eat with your Indian colleagues and clients. Business entertaining would rarely occur at a breakfast meeting as the working day starts in a more leisurely way than with a high-powered business meeting. Therefore, you are more likely to be invited out for lunch or dinner. Food in India is invariably spicy and if you donaˆ™t like spicy food, you have to look quite hard for milder alternatives (often an omelette.) Food is usually offered as vegetarian or non-vegetarian options with the vegetarian dishes being in greater supply. It is perfectly acceptable to choose a non-vegetarian dish even if your host chooses vegetarian. Remember that Hindus dont eat beef and Muslims dont eat pork (or drink alcohol). Eating in India can seem an informal affair where the use of the hands for eating is perfectly permissible — often even in the most expensive of restaurants. (If you find this difficult, eating implements will almost always be available.) It is always more polite to eat with the right hand than the left hand. People tend to start to eat as soon as their meal arrives rather than waiting for everybody to be served. It is usual to leave a tip of around 10% when settling the bill.//**
 * // Here are two major, typical miscalculations corporations world wide tend to make when they approach the Indian market. First, they tend to feel that because culture is intangible and it does not show itself in the bottom line, they do not need to waste their time on that issue. Second, they may think that culture is like marketing or finance: you learn about culture in India in a four or eight hour session and that is all you need to know. Then you are free to continue with your job since you are adequately sensitized to the culture. It is important to really appreciate Indian culture. The main reason for this is that if conflict arises, it will give them a much better perspective on understanding the source of the conflict and resolving it. Still, many businesses tend to put everything in a "black box." If a problem occurs, for example, with castes or religion, here are the solutions . In reality, it is not as simple as that. If foreign visitors can learn to appreciate cultural issues and understand the cultural background of their Indian partner, then they will have a much better understanding of the general problems which arise in doing business. They will be able to look at a problem and consider all the variables that are affecting the particular situation, and then go about and seek a solution for it!
 * Background to Business in India

=**// *CHARITY ORGANIZATION* //** = //** The National Stroke Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation that works with the public, government, health professionals, patients, carers and stroke survivors to reduce the impact of stroke on the Australian community.Our challenge is to save 110,000 Australians from death and disability due to stroke over 10 years.We will achieve this by:· Educating the public about the risk factors and signs of stroke and promoting healthy lifestyles. · Working with all stakeholders to develop and implement policy on the prevention and management of stroke. · Encouraging the development of comprehensive and coordinated services for all stroke survivors and their families. · Encouraging and facilitating stroke research. Vision A world free from disability and suffering caused by stroke Mission Stop stroke, save lives, end suffering Goal Save 110,000 lives from death and disability caused by stroke in over the next 10 years **//

//***As human being I will extend a helping hand to these a people, who have not only lost their lives, their near and dear ones and property, but also their self confidence to rebuild everything from the stroke. It’s very simple. I will just donate money though their secure online payment gateway. It will mean much to them, i will fullfill my heart, i will done a geat thing save many lives, it will make my hay, done something human, help homeless and suffered people.**//

= //*Choose an important person that you have looked up to and who has helped in yuor life*// =

//**To many people,their friend are the most important things in their life.Really good friends share the good times and the bad times,help you when you've got problems,never judge you and never turn their backs on you.For my one luck I have some.I've known them all my life,grown up with and been through lots of ups and downs with.My best friend...It's the person I can turn to for impartial advice and a shoulder to cry on when life lets you down.I know that no matter what the problem or what time of day or night it is,my best friend will drop everything and put me frst.I will probably be my best friend I go to for help.Perhaps some my parent are being too heavyhanded I I can not talk with that,wathever my problem is I know I can realy on my best friend.I'm realy happy having them,and I will allways try to keep them by my side.I'm and I allwys be thankfull to them .For every single moment spent with me,talking and solving my problems I surdlu return them too.I shoosed them carfull and threat them well so I'm sure they will be friends for life.**//

= //***Think of something you really like doing(hobby,sport).With you enjoy this activity...***// =

//**Nobody would argve that reading books is a bed thing.People say the man who does not read books is merely not born.Most of us agree,reading a book is normally better than watching TV,I agree too.I'm finding pleasure neading them. I you examine you day for reading opportunies,you will discover lots of free time.For example standing at the bus stop,travelling,over lunch,going up for things the occasional 10-20 minutes here and there qvickly add up. But the time will fly if you always have your book with you. Books are there to be read.I really enjoy in my free time sit and spend couple of hours reading them. Many could ask how can you find it pleasure "wasting" your wree time reading books,do you see any bennefits from it? I will anwer them,as I sald once,I reed to pleasure,I free my mind,I realese myself, I like it,it makes me feel good.Is it a novel or poem either it is a literature for higher education,all that storie I face many simmilar situacions happend in my life. So reading them I learn many thing that will halp in future,how to solve my problems,let say,give me new ideas for life and learn some new things,I have never heard about them before. I upgrade my minds,how to akt in creation still,everithing is based on knowledge,so reading will make me reacher and surelly make life easy.**//

=//** *If you were given 1 million dollars to spend how would you spend it?* **//=

//**The time has come without money you're nothing,everyone wants money,money makes your life easier,simple,you have money you have everything,people likes you.You can aford anything you want,go everywhere you want etc. But I think differently,many thing you can not buy with money,here I will mention,friendship,love,and much more important things in life. Well if I have that opportunity let say won a lottery,or someone give me that money,of course I would be the happiest person. But even then I wont think differently.My life is briliant.I have nice family,lots of friends,I have the most of basic and most important things that has no price,no money can buy them. Along with most people,walk guickly past those who appare lass fortunate than ourselves.Who will think of them.Every day I see homeless pople,but usually the most attention I might give them is a how sad look.I sometimes get angry with myself for being selfis,and I justify my fears by saying,they have no job,no future,have hungry childs who are wii for them,go home and give them some bread. Once I wolked downtown and set next to a homeless men.It learned more about people than I ever had before.All I heeded to do was to open my mind. That's how I'm gonna spend that money.I would done a big thing,buy them some clothes,for their child too,give them some money,it's wont fell sorry spendig money on them.I will make them a bit happy I will fill up my heart.**//

= //*Most people feel that they have "learned some lessons" in their life*// =

//**Someone once said, "If you want to know what your future will be like, look at your habits now". Whatever habits you have today will dictate your tomorrow. If you have negative habits that keep you stuck in the past, you will only keep getting what you've always got. Your future will be no different from today. Your habits, the way you do things now, will guarantee that. So, unless you change those habits, especially constantly finding fault with yourself, regretting your decisions or feeling that you are not as good as others, those habits will follow you endlessly. You have to stop beating yourself up over past actions, stop aiming for perfection and stop comparing yourself to others, otherwise you will always feel inadequate. You also have to appreciate your limitations, praise yourself DAILY for being a wonderful and unique human being. Stop seeking the approval of others when the only standard should be your own, and look outwards to others in love and appreciation than just focusing on yourself. Keep out of the past unless it is positive! When we keep ourselves in the past it is because we don't like our present too much. We probably feel isolated, excluded, unloved, unappreciated, so we secretly blame ourself, we use our depression to maintain attention, but of a sort which, sadly, alienates us from others and have counter-productive effects. In short, our current unhappiness helps us to hark back to the past to remind ourself of how terrible we are while making our situation worse. We keep the negatives stuck in our head, perhaps for sympathy, instead of facing them, acknowledging them, forgiving OURSELVES and others and moving on. You cannot truly forgive until you find love .. your own self-love. To find true love from someone else, you have to love yourself first. No one can love you for you. But people who live in the past tend to take their present for granted, while many others have not been so privileged to have one. Most important, ee have no present or future if we live in the past. We are so busy looking back there, we have no time to make a future or to appreciate what we have. Hence we come across as selfish and ungrateful. Most of all, accepting yourself as you are and giving thanks for every new day of you life, instead of taking it for granted, is the biggest factor in nurturing self love and moving someone from feeling like 'crap' to feeling fabulous and fantastic.**//

=//** *Many people believe you cannot learn everything in school.Some say that experience is the best teacher.What is more important to a person's education things learned in school or through real life experience?* **//=

//**Through all this years spent at school desk I must say that things,live got much knowledge ,that will help in future education.But the best teacher,the most important to a person education,in my opinion,I think that is experience.As I said,through all those years spent at school I learned many things,but through experience,your real life experience,you can learn much more.Here I will give a simple example,let say you have dne something wrong in your life,made a mistake for which you regret and felt worried,sad etc. After it,you sit down,thinking and thinking what have you done,how would you act differently,in that situacion,in order not to do it again.We learn from our mistakes,once we have made it,we regret for them,all we do is try not doing same in future.That's why in my oppinion experience is the best teacher.Our mistakes from past will make us better person in future.**//

= *What do you think the most serious problem in the world is?Why?* =

//**The global financial crisis caused by sub-prime financial crisis all over the world,has become one of the most radical reshapings the world economy since the erupion of the crisis in 2007,economic growth and domestic demand in advanced economy has slowed down. Emerging markey economies are experiecing dec'ine in domestic demand and in export.All corners of the financial systems are being affected,even in the well-secured corners of the world .Emerging markets are being increpsingli,affter with bond rates running down and exchange rates are coming under heavy preasures.Real GDP groeth estimation shows that growth in emerging markets would fall below HP trend. This reflect that the emerging and developing economies are the sovice of reshence for the global economy.Advonced economies (US,EU) are now in recession and are estimated t continue to contract for the next quarters before gradually recover at a slow pace. What we are experiencing today is essentially the most serious crisis facing world economy altough the full force of impact has not get been felted. In a preparation,the return of trust and confidence in financial markets is absolutely central.The global economy is not facing a complete breakdown and there is a hope for relative recovery.I is absolutely critical that sufficient policies should be put in places immediately to stabilite financial markets conditions. Although resilience in emerging economies with aggregate strong fundamentals is sopporting global growth and economy but nevertheless contain concerning level of vulnerabitilies in some countries.This problem has not occurred in a day nor will it be solved in a day.But,if we continue to cooperate and we are resolute,we will solve it.**//

= *What has been the best period in your life, and why?* =

//**In my life, as i grow up, i passed through and enjoyed many beautifull day’s, month’s... I will always remember day’s when i was a cild, days of my childhood! I really enjoyed that period of time, it is unfogrivable. With my friends from neighbourhood every year were waiting to finish school stuff, obligations for school and then release ourselves and enjoy summer time! Standing up early in the morning have a quik meal and then go out and stay till late hours of night, hanging up with them! Every day was special, different, one from another! I really cen’t get out of my mind that wonderfull moments, filled with happiness, fun... really liked being with my friends, playing many games, joking, walking around the city, staying late talking and talking, here i will mention talks about boys, my first simpathy... I really liked too when we go to village for some days or going out from city, for vocation, summer trips to ohrid, alone with them, doing crazy and wild things. That days spend in summertime with friend i have been waiting for, i have been living for. That perriond of time my childhood filled my hear with beatutifull memories, and i will always remember, the period of time spent in laugh, fun... no words can desribe that feelings of happines. I really miss now that wonderfull times, but the time can not go back, now is enough beeing in my mind, and stay day forever.**//

= ***What are your reasons for returning to school this year?*** =

//**Every year we think about something more, smomething new, new ideas for future, planning about how to make progres in life... Many thoughts about life in future, where we would be in some time from now... this are thouse questions we often think about. My goal is to continue with my further education, to make myself well educated person and have a sucessful carrier in life... When i said continue mu education, i ment firstly finish this school year. this year i have some new lessons, new working principles, and the most important things new ideas and knowledge... Every day spent at school to me is more advanced because everything that we do at school is actually path that leads us to the goal. But at school besides that we learn, also we have interesting and funny events with friends and teachers even. All the time we exchange our oppinions, we have debates about many topics that are interesting, after school many times we go for a coffe and etc. That is part of our life i think make us happy becouse that moments will reminds us on things that will be happen, times and moments enjoying them when wewill rich our goal.. We all see in ourselves succesful people, with great carriers, and be prouf ourselves!**//

=//** UNIT I **//= =__ Writing __=

**1.Correcting mistakes(1)**
//**23, St. Mary's Road, Dublin 4, Ireland Tuesday, 10 May

Dear Stephanie

How are you?I'm very well.I came to Dublin two weeks ago to stady at a language school.I want to learn English because it is a very important language.I'm staying with an Irish family.They've got two sons and a dougther.Mr Kendall is a teacher and Mrs Kendall works in a hospital.The Irish are very kind,but they speak very guickly!

I stady in the morning.My teacher name is Ann.She tell me that my English is OK,but I a lot of mistakes. Ann doesn't give us too much homework,so in the afternoons I always go sightseeing.Dublin is much bigger than my town.I like painting very much and I'm very interested for the modern art,so I visit galleries and museums.I've met a gilr named Martina.She come from Spain and goes to Trinity College.Last night we went to the cinema,but the film wasn't very exciting.

Would you like to visit me?Why don't you come for a weekend?

I'd like to see you.

Write to me soon.

Love, Kati**//

2/3.Answer the questions
-Keti is in Dublin she came there two weeks ago to stady language school.She is staying with an Irish family.
 * //1.Where is Keti? Where is she staying?//
 * Caci is in Skopje-Macedonia she went there to stady language school.She is staying with her family.

// 2.Why is she there? // -She is there because she is staying a language school.
 * She is there to stady language school.

//3.What does she do each day?// -She is stadying in the morning,and because her teacher doesn't give her any homework in the afternoons she always go sightseeing. //4.What does she do in her free time?// -She loves painting very much and she often visit museums and galleries.She go to cinema sometimes.
 * She get up in the morning and stady and then she go in fitnes club,in the afternoon she is again stadying and in the night she go out fith her friekds or with her boyfriend.
 * In her free time she like to chating on the net and go to her friends.

//5.Who has she met?// -She met a girl named Martina and they went to cinema one night.
 * She met a girl named Viktorija and they went in a park one day.**

4.Leter/150-200 words.
//**Hanover Dr (main street in Beverlyhils-Los Angeles) 15/4 Los Angeles Saturdy, 23 May

Dear Marko

How are you doing? I'm very well.I come to Hanover Dr-Bverlyhils one moth ago to stady at a language school.I want to learn English becouse it is a very important language.I'm staying with Bulgarian family.They;ve got one daughter.Mr Ivanov is a doctor and Mrs Ivanova is vet.

I stady in the morning.My teacher name is Ana .Ilearn so much from her but she give as so much homework,but she is right for that because she think and we think than that is good for us and for our spelling. In the free time I like to go shopping,chating on the net or go out with my friends or with my boyfriend, I've met a girl named Viktorija.She come from Italy.Next day we went in a park and we have a fun :D

Would you like to visit me? Why don't you come for a weekend?

I'd like to see you.

Write to me soon.

Love, Caci**//

= // UNIT II // =

1.Beginnings and endings

 * //*Beginnings: Madam ; Hi! ; Sir ; Dear.
 * Endindg: Wishes ; All ; Best ; Sincerely ; Faithfully ; Yours ; Love ; Lots of.//**

2/3
//**1. Just a note to say thank you so much for having me to stay last weekend. B / Informal 2.Thank you for your letter of 16 April.Please find enclosed a cheque for f50.00. E / Formal 3. Write or better still,email me soon. E / Informal 4. How arw you doing?You'll never guess who I saw last week at Dan's. B / Informal 5. I am writing in response to your advertisement in yesturday's Daily Star. B / Formal 6. We trust this arrangement meets with your satisfaction. E / Formal 7. I'm sorry I haven't been in touch for such a long time. B / Informal 8. I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience. E / Formal 9.I thought I'd write rather than email for a change. B / Informal 10. Give my regards to Robert. E / Informal 11. Take care and thanks again. E / Formal **//

4/5
//**1.Dear Mary and Dave, Any chance that you two are free next Sat. p.m.? -Let me know asap. All the best, Martin
 * We've got four tickets for that open-air concert in Woodstock.Interested?

2.Dear Jane, Thanks for your letter.It was great to hear from you after such a long time. You asked me what I've been doing.Well,... -It would be lovely to see you some time.Do you ever come to London? We could meet for lunch. Love Pat
 * I've changed my job a few times since I last spoke to you,and as you know,I've moved to a new flat.

3.Dear Sir/Madam, I saw an advertisement in the Daily Telegraph for weekend breaks at your hotel. -Many thanks .I look forward to hearing from you in the near future. Yours faithfully. James Fox
 * Could you please send me your brochure and a price list? I would be most grateful.

4.Hi Peter, Thanks for the invite. -Can't wait to see you.Let's hope it stays fine. Love to Ellie.See you then. Deborah.
 * We'd love to come.

5.Dear Mr Smith, We received your order for the Encyclopedia World CD ROM, and your cheque for f75. -We apologize for the incovenience and will have pleasure in processing your order as soon as we received the additional amount. Yours sincerely, Thames Valley Computer Softeware
 * Unfortunately,this amount did not include packing and postage,which is f7.50.**//

** 6.Which one... **
//**1.asks for information?-5 2.invites?-1 3.asks for further payment?-2 4.accepts an invitation?-4 5.gives news?-3**//

** 7. **

 * //Dear Magdalena

How are you doing? I found your email address and I thought that is nice to presnt myself. I'm Slavica and I'm a student in elementary school. I livewith mu family in a small town,Gostivar.My mother doesn't work but my dad work privacy work :D. I love them so much.I don't have brothers and sisters but I'm OK and happywith my perents. I chose ekonomikal school because I want to work with numbers and bills.Actually I want to be accountant,and one day I hope I can to work in a bank. In free time I like to sleep,watch TV or set on net and chating with my friends. This summer I'll go in Skopje to my family and ofcourse at Ohrid. Can you tell me something abou you life or friend or whatever you want?

Write to me soon.

Love,Caci//**

=//** UNIT III **//=

1.Where do clauses a-f go?
__***The Farmer and his sons***__ //There was once an old,dying farmer who had worked hard in his vineyard all his life.Before he died he wanted to teach his three sons how to be good farmers.So he called them to his bedside and side,'My boys,I have an important secret to tell you:there is a great treasure buried in the vineyard.Promise me that you will look for it when I am dead'. The sons gave their promise and as soon as their father had died they began looking for the treasure.they worked very hard in the hot sun and while they were working they thought about what their father had said.They pictured boxes of gold coins,diamond necklaces,and other such things.Soon they had dug up every inch of the vineyard but they found not a single penny.They were very upset because they felt that all their hard work had been for nothing. However,a few months later the grapes started ao appear on the vines. Their grapes were the biggest and best in the neighbourhood and they sold them for a lot of money.Now the sons understood what their father father had meant by the great treasure and they lived happily ever after.// //** THE MORAL OF THIS STORY IS: ** HARD WORK BRINGS GREADE TREASURE !!!//

** 2. **
//There was once an emperor who lived in a palace. He had three daughters but no sons. He wanted his daughters to marry before he died, He found three princes, However his daughters didn't like them. They refused to marry the princes, so the emperor became very angry. He said they must get married as soon as they were sixteen years old. The three daughters run away during the night and found work on a farm. They fell in love with the farmer's sons while they were working there. They married the sons when they were sixteen.//
 * __*The emperor and his daughters*__**

// 3. //
//There was once an emperor who lived in an enormous, golden palace in the middle of the city Ping Chung. He had three beautiful daughters, but// //unfortunately no sons. He was very old and sick and wanted his daughters to marry before he died, because he wanted to see his future son-in-lows and to play with his grandchildren.He found three young and rich princes for his daughters. However his daughters didn't like them because they didn't were very cute.They refuse to marry them and didn't want to see them again, so the emperor became very angry and mad at his daughters. He said they must get married and that is final decision. The emperor order them to get married as soon as they were sixteen years old. The three daughters wore very disappointed and didn't know what to do. Finally they decided to run away during the night and find work that they can work in. They run and fortunately they found a farm and they worked there fore some time. While they wore working on the farm they saw the sons of the farmer that were very hardworking and beautiful boys and they fall in love with them. The boys fall in love with the daughters of the emperor too and they ask them to be there woman. The daughters say YES! and they get married when they were sixteen. The emperor was very happy and so the daughters with the new husbands, and they live happily aver after.//

//King Midas was very rich. He lived in a big palace with lots of gold and silver inside, and very big garden outside. He had a daughter. She was very beautiful. Every day she went into the garden because she loved flowers. And every day she picked rouses for her father. Her father was happy. He loved his gold and silver. and he loved his daughter too! But King Midas had a secret wish. One day he asked the gods:// I love gold, please turn to gold everything i can hold. I love gold so much, please turn to gold everything i can touch! //And the gods made his wish come true... Now King Midas was happier then before: everything he touched turned to gold. He wanted to kiss his daughter but... she turned to gold too! Poor King Midas! He was very sad and asked the gods:// Please take away all my gold. My precious daughter is all i want! //Then he kissed his daughter and she returned to the beautiful girl again. They lived happily aver after in the palace without gold but with lots of love.//
 * THIS IS A STORY OF A KING NAMED MIDAS **

//Some time before Arthur's birth, his father was very sick. He called his magician Merlin and asked him to made his better. The magician made the king better but, in return, asked him for his first child. The king first child was Artur. When the child was born, the magician came and asked the king for the baby. Marlin took Arthur to Sir Hector's castle and Arthur lived there happily with his stepbrother Kay. Time passed and the king died. People wondered:// Who will be the king now? //On Christmas day, a big stone appeared in front of the church. There was a sword in it. There was a message in front of the stone.// Whoever pulls the sword out of the stone will became king. //Many people tried but nobody succeeded. On January the 1st there was a tournament, and Kay asked Arthur to go and get his sword from the castle. Arthur went to the castle but he didn't find the sword so he came back. While he was passing in frond of the church he saw the sword in the stone and thought:// I'll take this one. //He pulled the sword out of the stone and took it to his stepbrother. When the people saw him with the sword, they called him, King Arthur. King Arthur called the sword Excalibur.//
 * THIS IS A STORY OF A LITTLE BOY CALLED ARTUR WHO BECAME A VERY FAMOUS KING**.

//He was the nephew of Charlemagne. Orlando was very strong. He was a great hero. Orlando was not happy. He was in love with Angelica, but she didn't love him. Poor Orlando went mad. But Aston cured him of his madness. Aston was a hero, too. After many battles, he decided to go to the moon on his winged horse.When he was on the moon, he saw that three were lots of little bottles. Aston asked:// What are they for? //-The answer was://Men on earth sometimes go mad. As you can see, there's a named on each bottle:It's the name of someone who has gone mad,The mad people need bottles to became normal again. //Aston looked for the bottle with Orlando's name on it. He found it and brought it back to his friend Orlando. Orlando became a great hero again and continued with his heroic battles.//
 * IT'S A STORY OF A KNIGHT NAMED ORLANDO.**

= **UNIT IV** =

// Some people say that childhoodis the best time of your life.However,being a child has both __peos and cons__.(Advantages and disadvantages). //
However, for every plus there is a minus. **__ One disadvantage is that __** ( For one thing ), you have to spend all day, Monday to Friday at school. Studying usually means you have to do homework and you have to take exams. **__ Another point is that __** ( What is more ), you may have a lot of free time, but you are rarely allowed to do whatever you want. You usually have to ask your parents if you can do things, from going shopping in town to staying out late or going to a party. **__ Finally __** ( Last of all ), although there are often cheaper prices for children, things are still expensive – and parents are not always generous with pocket money. There’s never enough to do everything you want. **__ All things considered __** ( The reality is that ) sometimes there’s not enough to do anything at all!
 * __ One advantage is that __** __(__ On the plus side ) you have very few responsibilities. **__ For instance __** ( For example ) you don’t have to go to work, pay bills, or do the shopping, cooking or cleaning. This means you have plenty of free time to do whatever you want – watch TV; play on the computer; go out with friends, play sports or pursue other hobbies. **__ Moreover __** ( On top of that ), public transport, cinema and sports centers cost much less for children. **__ In fact __** ( All in all ), being a child is an exciting, action-packed time in life.
 * __ In conclusion __** ( To sum it up ) although some people see childhood as the best time in life, **__ In my opinion __** ( I thing that ) children have no real choice, independence or money. Nevertheless, it is true that choice, money and independence all bring responsibility and restrictions – which increase with age.

**Pros**--**Cons**

//**Geting holder**//
= **UNIT V** =
 * Geting older means to have your personal life.When you are 18 you have straight for voteing, but must to do and another things.For example you don't have spend all day at school from Monday to Friday. You must work somewhere to make some money and live alone, to pay your bills and ctr.You don\y have to ask your parents for everything,for example go out and stay late at the parties, shoping or something else..**

**1/2**
Page 1of 1 From:Janet Cooper Subject:Making a reservation for holiday To fax no.: 01326203579 From fax no.: 0125967821
 * //To Anne Westocmbe Date:28.05.2009

I would like to reserve bed and breakfast at your two rooms.We are arriving on 28.05.2009. We hope to stay for six nights for departing on 2 September .My husbend and I would like preferably double room with an en-suite bathroom. I would also like to reserve a two room for our teenage gaughters.Both rooms should be non-smoking. Would be possible to have it facing sea.Do you have available rooms for the these dotes. Could you tell also me the price of each room.I look forward to hearing you.//**

**3.**
Fax transimison Page:1 of 1 To: Janet Cooper Date:29.05.2009 From:Anne Weastcombe To fax no.:0231515367 Subject:Reply

Thank you for your inquiry. We're pleased to conform you your reservation for the rooms and dates that you want. All the rooms come with en-suite bathroom and a sea view. Each room is £50 per night. We look forward to welcome you and your family to the B&B. Yours sincerely, Anny Westcombe.

**UNIT VI**

**1/6** //** *My favorite room in my house* **//
//**My favorite room in my house is the room where I live.In this room I spend all my time.My room is on the second flor in the house there is more peacefull and in someway I've got my privacy.My room is very simple and I like the way it is. My room has a little biro for the TV and one for the computer.Next to the biro in the right corner there is a part of the furniture,I use it to put my clothes there and also there I keep my stufs and cosmetics ofcourse.Like a part of the furniture there is my lovely bed who I like the most,but not like my computer. My computer is next to my bedand I'm on the computer all the time.The computer is on my work table,I use my work table only when is necesery,like studing,when I'm on the computer and ctr... Right of the door is my fire-place,next to the fire-place is my weardrow where I keep my jackets and some clothes.In the middle of the room there is a little table. And thats my favorite room.**//

2.**Why is the kitchen more than just a room where you cook and eat?**

 * //Because it's also the place where family and friends come together.//**

The room in our house **__ I like best __** is our kitchen. Perhaps the kitchen is the most important room in many houses, but it is particularly so in our house because it is not only **__ where we cook and eat __** but it is also the place **__ where family and friends come together. __** I have so many happy memories of times spent there: ordinary daily events such as making breakfast on dark, cold winter mornings for children **__ who are cross and sleepy, __** before sending them off to school,: or special occasions such as homecomings or cooking Christmas dinner. Whenever we have a party, people gravitate with their drinks to the kitchen. It always ends up the fullest and noisiest room in the house. So what does this special room look like? It’s quite big, but not huge. It’s big enough to have a good-sized rectangular table in the centre, **__ which is thefocal point of the room. __** There is a large window above the sink, looking out onto two apple trees in the garden. There’s a big, old cooking stove at one end, and at the other end a wall with a huge notice board **__ which tells the story __** of our lives, past, present and future: a school photo of the kids; a postcard from Auntie Nancy, **__ whose family have all emigrated __** to Australia; the menu from a take-away Chinese restaurant; an invitation to a wedding __that we’re going to__ __the next Saturday__ ; a letter from a friend **__ we haven’t seen __** for years. All our world is there for everyone to read! The front door is seldom used in our house, only by strangers. All our friends use back door **__ which means __** they come straight into the kitchen and join in whatever is happening there. The kettle goes on immediately and then we all sit round the table, drinking tea and putting the world to rights. Without doubt some of the happiest times of my life have been spent in our kitchen.

**4.**

**UNIT VII**
**1.** Worldwatch Europe IPA 56 Merritts Avenue Overland Park Reading RG2 6HD
 * ” A letter of application” **

Dear David Benton, **__ I am writing in response __** to your **__ deadlines __** in today’s //Guardian// for a journalist based in Geneva. **__ As you will see __** from the enclosed **__ CV ,__** I studied journalism and modern languages at University College, London, and went on to do a master’s in journalism at Queen Mary’s College, London. **__ I consider myself __** the ideal candidate for the job because I have all the relevant **__ experience. __** In my present job I am in charge of Eastern Europe publications for Intertec Publishing. Before this, I worked for the BBC World Service, at first covering Mexico and Argentina, then Europe. I have traveled **__ on business __** in South America and Europe. In my present job I frequently go to Japan **__ widely. __** I speak French, German, and Spanish **__ fluently. __** I am an enthusiastic and **__ hard-working __** person. I am good at organizing people and can meet **__ advertisement. __** **__ I __** **__ look forward to hearing __**** from ** you in the near future.

Yours sincerely, Nancy Mann

**2.**
1. What job is Nancy applying for?

- Nancy is applying for Business Journalist in Worldwatch Company. 2. Where did she hear about the vacancy? - She heard and read about the vacancy in a daily magazine Guardian. 3. What is she sending with her letter? - Nancy with her letter is sending her CV. 4. Look at the letter and the advert. Why does she think she is the right for the job? - I think she is right for the job because she has all the requirements like a master’s degree in journalism, experience from business journalism, she’s fluent in French, German and also Spanish. She is hard-working person and has excellent communication skills and a plus some international travel experience.

= **UNIT VIII** =

2. “A holiday horror story”
After Christmas just two years ago Jack and Liza suddenly decided to go **__ somewhere __** away for New Year. They didn’t want to stay in a hotel with people so they were **__ really __** delighted when they saw an advertisement in The Sunday Times for a holiday flat in a village near Oxford. **__ However __** it was no ordinary flat. It was on the top floor of an old Elizabethan mansion. They booked it **__ immediately ,__** and on New Year’s Eve they set off in the car. **__ Although __** it was **__ heavily __** raining and freezing cold, they were happy and excited. They had been driving for nearly three hours when they **__ finally __** saw the house in the distance. It looked magnificent with tall chimneys and an **__ incredibly __** long, wide drive. They drove up to they house, went up the steps to the huge front door and **__ loudly __** knocked. Nothing happened. They knocked again **__ more loudly __****.** **__ Eventually __** the door slowly opened and a small, wild-looking old lady stood there

3.
The old lady was wearing a old clothes. In one hand she was caring a large glass of whisky and black-brown cat in another one. Jack and Liza enter in the house. The house was absolutely disaster and very old. The old lady led Jack and Liza slowly up the stairs. On the stairs there were two huge dogs growling menacingly and Jack and Liza were scared. When they saw the rooms they couldn’t believe their eyes because there were reds, spiders and people corpses everywhere. Jack and liza were very scared and then the old lady orders to her dogs to kill this two innocent people. They start to run, to escape from the dogs. They hurriedly left the house and never come back.

5.
When they got outside again the rain had turned to snow. They ran to the car, **__ hysterically __** laughing. They felt that they had been released from a prison and now they **__ desperately __** wanted to be with lots of people. They **__ quickly __** drove to the next village and as midnight was striking **__ fortunately __** they found a hotel with a room just for the night. Happy New Year! Cried Jack, as he **__ warmly __** kissed the surprised receptionist on both cheeks. You have no idea how beautiful your hotel is!

**1.**
1.What is his/her name? -Her name is Sonja 2.How is this person related to you? -She is my mother 3.Why are you choosing this person? -Becouse I love her very much. 4.What is he/she like? - She is very communicative and nice person. 5.What does he /she look like? -She has black hear and braown eyes to.She is very beautiful. 6. What does she like to do? - She likes to go on fresh air, watch TV etc.

2.
Emily Morgan Appearance || She has a fair complexion, curly grey hair and deep blue eyes. She has a kind face and warm, friendly smile. || but not very tolerant. || and she likes to take her dog for long walks in the park. ||
 * Physical
 * Character || She is extremely generous,
 * Habits || She likes reading and gardening,

** 4. **
My relation with her is very good.I tell her everything,my secrets, my boyfriends,problems and she always give me some advice.She have very good sense of humor everytime make me laught.She hate lies...but she is my mom and I love her the way she is.**
 * My mom's name is Sonja.I choose my mom because she is my mom amd my best friend in the same time.I'm her unique dother and all of her atention belong to me.She has big black eyes,and black straith hair.She is modern woman,she is a mom who everyone wish to have.

=** UNIT X **=

1.
Astrid Johnson __is a__ cellist. __She is__ Swedish. __She__ is famous for her music. __She is famous__ worldwide. __She__ started playing the cello at the age of three. __She was__ born in Stockholm in 1960. __She__ left Stockholm in 1978. She won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music in London. She studied the cello. She studied the history of music and composition. She has traveled all over the world. __She has__ played in concerts and composed film music. She has lived and worked in many places. __She has lived and worked in__ London, New York, and Paris. She now lives __in__ __Paris____.__ __She lives__ with her daughter and her second husband. __He is a__ conductor. __He is__ Georges Leveaux.

2.
//**Alfred Bernhard Nobel, the Swedish engineer, who was born in Stockholm in 1833, was an inventor and a poet. At the age of nine he left Stockholm because his family moved to Russia. In the United States and France private tutors educated him about chemical engineering, languages and literature.**//

3.
Returning to Sweden with his brother Emil in 1852, they started working together in their father’s explosives factory. The factory was an explosives factory. An explosion in the factory killed Emil in 1864. Deeply affected by Emil’s death, Alfred invented a safer explosive in 1867. He called the explosive “dynamite”. Alfred made a fortune when he started to set up dynamites factories in many parts of the world. After his death he left $9 millions. The money he left was used for setting up yearly prizes for science, literature and world peace. Because of him the prizes are called Nobel Prizes.

= **UNIT XI** =

1.
//**1. George was rich, but he wasn’t a happy man. 2. Jo rang me from a phone box because she’s lost her mobile.**//

2.
//**1. In fact/ Actually Peter doesn't like working in London. In fact, he's thinking of Changing jobs. Peter and I are in love. Actually, we're going to married. 2. Of course/ Naturally Of course, having a baby has totally changed our lives. Naturally, when I was child I didn't know that having a baby is so tiredly. 3. Fortunately / Unfortunately She tried really hard, and fortunately, she passed the exam. She stood and waited for over an hour, but unfortunately, she don't pass the exam.**//

**3.**
//**To: Melodycat@hyp.org Subject: Hi from Jackie and Joe

Hi, Melody

I hope you’re all well. Things are busy here. Maya moved out last week. She found a small apartment not far from here, __so__ ( **//** so / anyway // ) we still see her all time. She also got a new job at a radio station. __Unfortunately__ ( // Unfortunately / Because // ) it doesn’t pay very well, __but__ ( // of course / but // ) at least she like it. Now that Maya has moved out, it’s only Joe and me at home. After 24 years of having kids around the house, it’s a little strange to have the place all to ourselves. __However,__ ( // However / In fact // ) it’s nice to come home to clean house at the end of the day. J Samantha is going to graduate from Oberlin College this year. We’re all very proud and of __course__ (however / of course) we’re going to have a party for her. __Actually__ (So / Actually) it’s going to be a surprise party! So, shhh! Samantha says she wants to travel somewhere interesting this summer, __but__ (but / because) she hasn’t decided where to go yet. Joe’s is fine, __although__ ( although / so) he’s been in bad mood lately. He hasn’t been able to do much in the garden __because__ (because / actually) it’s rained every day for the last two weeks! In __fact__, (In fact / Nevertheless) it’s been the rainiest summer for 20 years. __Anyway__, (Anyway / Of course) that’s enough of our news. How are you all? What are you up to?

Write back and tell me everything! Love, Jackie.//**

= **UNIT XII** =

1/2.
//**Correcting mistakes

Szerencs n. 43 3300 Eger Hungary

Friday, 14 June

Dear Mr and Mrs Kendal

I am home**// **two weeks ago //( since two weeks), but I have to start// working //(work) immediately, so this is the first time possible for me to write. How are you all? Are you// as //busy as usual? Does Tim still work hard for his exam next month? I miss you a lot and also// I miss //my friends from Dublin. Yesterday,// I //(I've) received a letter from my Spain friend, Martina, and she told me// something about the //(about some of the) other people I met. She said that Atsuko and Yuki will write me from Japan. I'm lucky because I made so many good// friends //(friend)// while //(during) I was in Ireland. It was (really) interesting for me to meet people from so many different countries. I think that we not only improved our English (I hope this!) but we also knew people from all over the world and// that //(this) is important. My family// is //(are) fine. They had a good holiday by the lake. We are all very// excited //(exciting) because my brother// is going to get //(will) married just before Christmas and we like// his girlfriend very much //(very much his girlfriend). They// were looking //(have looked) for a flat near the city center, but it is// not //(no) easy to fine one. If they// don't //(won't) find one soon, they will have to stay here with us.// Can you please //(Please can you) check something for me? I can't find my red scarf. I think maybe I have forgotten it in the// cupboard //(cuboard) in my bedroom. Please write me soon. My family// sends //(send) best wishes to all of you. I hope I can come back next year.// Staying //(stay) with you was a (very) wonderful experience for me. Thank you for// everything //(all things) and excuse my mistakes. I've already forget many words.

Yours faithfully, Kati// P.S. //(PS) I hope you like the photo. It's nice, isn't it?//**

=**// Family Matters //**=

**- Because Oliver didn’t really want Carmen to marry George.**
// What type of person are you? //

= //** 1. Are you usually smiling and happy? - Yes **// = = //** 2. Do you enjoy the company of other people? – Yes **// = = //** 3. Do you find it difficult to meet new people? – No **// = = //** 4. Do you have definite plans for your future career? – No **// = = //** 5. Does your mood change often and suddenly for no reason? – Sometimes **// = = //** 6. Do you notice other people’s feelings? – Sometimes **// = = //** 7. Do you think the future will be good? – Yes **// = = //** 8. Can your friends depend on you? – Yes **// = = //** 9. Is your often a mess? – No **// = = //** 10. Do you get annoyed if you have to wait for anyone or anything? – Sometimes **// = = //** 11. Do you put off until tomorrow what you could do today? – Sometimes **// = = //** 12. Do you work hard? – Sometimes **// = = //** 13. Do you keep your feelings and ideas to yourself? – Sometimes **// = = //** 14. Do you often give presents? – No **// = = //** 15. Do you talk a lot? – Sometimes **// = = //** 16. Are you usually calm and not worried by things? – Sometimes **// =

**// Ambitious-4 Sensitive-6 //**
= //Remember that the prefixes in- and un- can sometimes be used to make negatives. Which of the adjectives can use these?// = = //unreliable, pessimistic,unsociable, tidy, talkative, lazy, ...// =
 * Positive || Negative || Both ||
 * Reliable || Shy || Talkative ||
 * Optimistic || Impatient || Ambitious ||
 * Sociable || Lazy || Reserved ||
 * Generous || Moody || Easygoing ||
 * Hardworking || Untidy ||  ||
 * Cheerful ||  ||   ||
 * Sensitive ||  ||   ||

= =

**This is the part of my room. This is my bad and I love it very much:),also there is the table.**

**This is what I ate for breakfast today. I ate stobi flips and I drinked juice Bravo because I'm on a diet:** **)**

** WHAT WOULD YOU DO WITH ₤5 MILLION? ** 1. What would you by? 2. How much would you give away? Who would you give it to? 3. Would you travel? Where would you travel to? 4. What about your school? Would you keep on studying or would you give up your school? 5. Would you go on a spending spree or would you invest the money? 6. Would you be happier than you are now?
 * Well, I will buy a lot of things that I want to have... First of all I will buy a beautiful house and apartment, than I will go to shopping because I love shopping and I will buy a lot of clothes..
 * The rest of the money I will put in the bank and also I would love to open some profitable business for my parents.
 * Yes, I would travel. I love to go in Paris, and Miami. I will enjoy in every beauties that is in this two cities.
 * Of course I would go to school. I will keep on studying because that is important. In summer when I will not going to school I will travel.
 * Like I said I will buy what I want and the rest I will put in the bank.
 * If I have the same friends, and they are with me, if my family is happy, I will be happier because t he fortune that makes me happier in my life is my family and my friends.

= **“CHARITY APPEALS “** = **Amnesty International ** ** 1. **** Who or what the charity tries to help? ** - ** This organization works to support human rights around the world. ** - ** Amnesty International works to free all prisoners of conscience anywhere in the world. This organization tries to help these prisoners in two ways: first, by publicizing their cases, and, second, by putting pressure on governments to practice human rights. ** **WWF ** ** 1. **** Who or what the charity tries to help? ** - ** WWF is the largest and most effective conservation organization. It is dedicated to protecting wild animals around the world and the places where the animals live. ** **Crisis Now! ** ** 1. **** Who or what the charity tries to help? ** - ** They help to the people in **** Africa **** because there many people died hungry and in some places it hasn’t rained for three years. ** ** ** WHO WANTS TO BE A MILLIONARE? ** **I.**
 * 2. **** How the charity helps? **
 * 2. How the charity helps? **
 * - WWF works to save endangered species like the black rhino or the giant panda. It works to establish and manage national parks and wildlife reserves around the world. It works to address global threats to our environment, such as pollution and climate change. **
 * 2. **** How the charity helps? **
 * - They’re supplying towns and camps with food and medical supplies. In this human organization can help who wants.
 * **If you win a lot of money……** ||  || **Your opinion** ||   || **The article’s opinion** ||


 * 1. You should give up your job ||  || X ||   || Ok ||


 * 2. You should by a new house. ||  || Ok ||   || Ok ||


 * 3. You shouldn’t tell anyone. ||  || X ||   || X ||


 * 4. You should give money to everyone who asks for it. ||  || X ||   || X ||


 * 5. You should go on a spending spree ||  || X ||   || Ok ||


 * 6. You should give lots of it away. ||  || X ||   || Ok ||


 * II **
 * Complete the article with the phrases below. **
 * 1) his unluckiest bet = (6)
 * 2) to move to a bigger house = (3)
 * 3) we feel at home = (2)
 * 4) among all the members of her family = (8)
 * 5) what the money would do to us = (1)
 * 6) as soon as possible = (7)
 * 7) most of their money will be spent = (4)
 * 8) nothing but misery = (5)


 * III **
 * Answer the questions. **

Perhaps. If you know how to use the money then is good to have them, but if you don’t know how to use them then is a bad thing to win a lot of money.
 * 1) According to the article, is it good or a bad thing to win a lot of money?
 * 1) How does winning a large amount of money affect our work? Our home? Our friends? Our relatives?

For example, most people like the idea of not having to work, but winners have found that without work there is no purpose to their day and no reason to get up in the morning. It is tempting to move to a bigger house, but in so doing, you leave old friends and routines behind. Our life is like a jigsaw because every day we do the things we’re used to, and spend our time with the people we know and love. Suddenly with the winning a lot of money our habits are changed, we change the way of our life. So that’s how the jigsaw is smashed. You can go on a spending spree, you can by a new car, you can by a new house, you can divide with your family, and you can give lots of it away… The first bad luck story is about Abby Wilson. She is from Brixton. She won £7 million on Thunderball, and it brought her nothin but misery. She immediately went on a spending spree that lasted for four years and five marriages. She is now penniless and alone. The second bud luck story is about William Church. He won the National Lottery, but it turned out to be his unluckiest bet. Three weeks after winning, he dropped dead of a heart attack, brought on by ceaseless hounding from the press, the public, and relatives, after his £3.6 million win was made public.g Jim Taylor is happy because he give a lots of money to former shipmates, strangers in the street and to homeless people in a Glasgow park. Her fortune has been divided among all the members of her family.
 * 1) In what way is our life like a jigsaw? How does a windfall smash the jigsaw?
 * 1) How can money be wasted?
 * 1) What are the two bad luck stories?
 * 1) What made Jim Taylor happy?
 * 1) How has Anita Cotton survived?

=__ "A place in the sun" __ =

I’m in the nature, alone. Next to me is the river. Around me are beautiful trees and flowers. The flowers are in different colors. Some of them are red, some of them are yellow, orange and etc. The sound of the river it’s so beautiful, and I’m feeling like I’m in the river. I’m eating very tasty strawberries, and I’m reading one book that is very nice. The book is about the life, love and lie. On the trees are sweet birds. They’re singing and I’m enjoying in their songs.

Just imagine! **

1. If I had ₤5 million, I’d give up my job and travel around the world. 2. If you’re going to the post office, could you post this latter for me. 3. If I see, Ana I’ll tell her the news. 4. If you want to do well in life, you have to work hard. 5. If you don’t feel well, go to bed and rest. Answer the questions abut you

1. If I have a problem, I will talk with my mother. 2. If the weather is nice at the weekend I will go to the village. 3. If I won I lot of money I will by a big house an a car, then I will travel around the world, I will give some money to my family, and I will open some business.

** = **Literal or idiomatic** = = = = = **1. a. The plane has just taken off. --- literal b. Please take off your coat and sit down. ---Idiomatic** **b .If you go out, take an umbrella. It’s going to rain.---literal 3. a. (On the phone) Hello? Hello? I can’t hear you. I thing we’ve been cut off.--- Idiomatic b. She cut off a big piece of a meal and gave it to the dog. ---Literal 4. a. She looked up and smiled.--- Idiomatic b. I looked up the world in the dictionary.--- Literal 5. a. Can you pick up my pen for me? It’s under your chair.--- Literal b. I pick up some Italian when I was working in Rome.--- Idiomatic**
 * 2.a. Oh no! The light have gone out again. --- Idiomatic**

=**Dream jobs**=

**Linda Spelman gets on well with the people the work witch**
2. .Linda Spelman look up gymnastics. 3. Stanely Karras hasn’t come up with an experiment to do in space yet. 4. Michael Doyle job was handed down from father to son. 5. Stanely Karras is cut off from his family. 6. Stanely Karras find it exciting to end up in different cities and countries. 7. Stanely Karras often takes of at the moment’s notice. 8. Stanely Karras come across an ad 9. Linda Spelman wants to carry on working until there are at lasts 50. 10. Linda Spelman gives up work as a lawyer.
 * Traditional food in Panama **

=//**GLOBAL PIZZA=**//
**1* Which of these are fish or seafood? -oil,eel,salmon,shrimp,tuna,herring.

2* 1. McDonald's is everywhere and people eat in it. 2. Similarities: they are both universal fast food,easy to make,can be eaten with hands etc... Differences: pizza can be served in fancy restaurants or delivered to your front door. 3. It gradually evolves over the ears but one thing for certain-it's been around for very long time. 4. "Plakuntos" are come from the Greeks.The Greeks ate them with various sample toppings such us oil,onions and herbs.The Romans enjoyed eating something similar witch was brought to Italy from Mexico and Peru in the sixteens century. 6.King Umberto I and queen Margherita heard about pizza and ask to try.Rafaele Esposito-Pizza maker,made pizza for them.He made the pizza like the Italian flag.He used red tomatoes,white mozzarela cheese and green basil leaves. 7.The popolarity of pizza exploded when Amerikan soldiers returned from Italy after World Ward II.**

//** *My favorite room in my house* **//
//**My favorite room in my house is the room where I live.In this room I spend all my time.My room is on the second flor in the house there is more peacefull and in someway I've got my privacy.My room is very simple and I like the way it is. My room has a little biro for the TV and one for the computer.Next to the biro in the right corner there is a part of the furniture,I use it to put my clothes there and also there I keep my stufs and cosmetics ofcourse.Like a part of the furniture there is my lovely bed who I like the most,but not like my computer. My computer is next to my bedand I'm on the computer all the time.The computer is on my work table,I use my work table only when is necesery,like studing,when I'm on the computer and ctr... Right of the door is my fire-place,next to the fire-place is my weardrow where I keep my jackets and some clothes.In the middle of the room there is a little table. And thats my favorite room.**//