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ESSAY TOPICS Domestic violence, also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse, child abuse or intimate partner violence, can be defined a pattern of abuse behaviors by one or both partners in an intimate relationship such as marriage, dating, family, friends or cohabitation.
 * 1) Should we do more to deal with the problem of domestic violence, or is the problem exaggerated?

Domestic violence should not happen to anybody. But it does and when it does there is help. Help is yours for asking. The reasons for this kind of violence are different, usually bad relations in the family, different kinds of vices especially alcohol, using drugs, financial problems, jealousy etc. Domestic violence can be physical as in assault and battering, or it can be psychological as with constant criticism, refusal to acknowledge or support, or the deliberate use of silence, perhaps for weeks at a time. If one of the partners is violence may abusing or sexually abusing their children. In my town Gostivar and its surrounding, this year were submitted 6 criminal applications for serious cases of domestic violence with bringing physical hurts. Five of these victims were women, and in one case the victim of violence was parent. There were received 25 complaints from the same number of people, usually despots wife’s who asked for a warning. Domestic violence is the second most reported crime, accounting for about 25% of violent incidents reported to the police. Between a quarter and a third of all women experience some form of domestic violence from the male partner or ex partner. Almost half of all murders of women are committed by their male partner, usually after a long period of violence. The Justice Department released the findings of a study showing that about 1.4 million violence-related injuries a year are treated in emergency rooms. The study also shows that about 37% of violence-related injuries to women are inflicted by spouses, ex-spouses of boyfriends.

Last years almost all countries are treating different the domestic violence and it is punishing lawful very strictly. It should contribute for violence decrease.  2. We are becoming overwhelmingly dependent on computers. Is this dependence on computers a good thing or should we be more suspicious of their benefits? As the time pass by, new discoveries is “bombarding” the world. Technology is becoming better and better. One of those inventions is the computer which was developed in the 20th century. As the time pass by, people’s dependence on computers is getting overwhelmingly. Today almost everything they do is related with computers. This machine was made to make things easies and faster for us. We are using the technology for a better life. Their benefits are great. Besides games and fun, you can also find much information about everything. Depending on computers has become part of our lives.

Dependence on anything at all is not a good ides. Computers are like fire – they’re a wonderful servant, but a terrible master. It is a fact that in today’s world computers opens up one’s life to a broader and deeper range of information and knowledge that has previously been available to ordinary people. It’s hard to imagine anyone not being able to live without computers. This thing makes our live easier; being too dependent of them makes us not use our minds anymore. They make us lazy and dumber. It’s bad that the only entertainment for people nowadays is the computer. After working or playing in front of the computer for hours we feel dazed and drained. Why? These things emit kind of waves which are not good for the eyes and make us really tired. The worst thing is that children can’t imagine their lives without computers. It doesn’t give them a chance to see what is out there in the world. It seems like people aren’t as social and stay more at home. Sometimes it is a reason for some people’s depression.

Similar to every other invention has its benefits and drawbacks. It’s very important how we use the given tools. The key is to keep the balance, to use the computers moderately. We should interact with people more that these machines. Forging relationships with real people gives us happiness and contentment and allows up to live in harmony. 3. Is there too much of commercialism in the Internet? Commercialism has been around since people have been making money, from TV, radio, posters and various publication, ads and commercials are every where.

Over the past few years the new commercial trend seems to be the Internet due to its massive increase in users and convenience in the corporate world. Due to the immensity of the Internet this issue of commercialism has stemmed past the corporate world and into the hands of such people as hate groups and other who seek to conform youths to their philosophies. The internet commercialization as is a two-side affair. There are no doubts that there is too much commercialism in the Internet. Commercialism is practically the basic that supports much of the Internet. First of all, to have an e-mail account is free if charge. You should pay only for the connection to the net. It is probably that you have noticed that within your e-mail page and within any web page there are a lot of advertising links. The people behind those brands and enterprises which offer all kind of services and products through the internet do really pay monthly sums of money. For a company or business to be successful there has to be a certain amount of commercialization involved, nowadays it seems that the best way for a company to advertise itself is on the internet, since everything is going digital or global. Since each market has its own age targets, the Internet allow ads that are meant to be seen by each target market be mostly seen by the people that are intended for. Approximately 67% of online teens purchase items online and about 37% of online children purchase items online and it has been projected that by 2002 children will be spending $1.3 billion per year on internet transactions. This gives companies the business they need and simultaneously boosts the economy. Commerce leaves a lot of money on the Internet. Internet practically excites because of commerce.

 5. Should the animals be used for scientific research? Is it humanly? The idea of stewardship of animals developed in ancient times, as early humans domesticated animals. Additionally in early cultures, priests or shaman began to observe the relationship between human health and animal diseases. Who is the first one in drinking a new type of coke or PepsiCo? Who is the first one in taking a tablet of aspirin? Who is the first one in using shampoos? Did you know all these things? The one I’m referring to is the animal—cat, rabbit, rat and so on which are widely and cruelly used in various kinds of scientific researches, and millions of them die every year. Every life created by god is equal. Bearing that in mind, a huge amount of people have been no-animal-testing users. They strongly propose that animals shall not be used in scientific researches.

Experiment animals are protective walls of human beings’ health. They are routinely cut open, poisoned and then caged in for weeks, months or even years. Some animals are often given diseases to see whether a new drug will work or whether it has side effects. Some animals are killed by researchers in order to see the degree of damage inside their bodies. And we can often see that baby cats or rabbits being separated from their mothers on TV too. This is not moral. Things can be made clearer by turning it round. If there is a day when all these animals become masters of this planet, and we human beings become “slaves”—the scientific research targets. What would we think about? It is reported that there are 3million animals die annually in scientific researches in UK. The number is about 115 million in America. Statistics show that an animal dies for scientific researches every three seconds. However, the exact number of animals killed in the researches every year is unknown, for researchers or governments never care about these dead, not to mention counting the numbers.

But why don’t governments do something about this? The answer is simple: money. From animal breeders to companies, from companies to researchers, from researchers to governments, from governments to companies, animals used in experiment have already become an industry wearing a shining golden coat. Each player benefits a lot.

It’s unfair for the animals because they are living things just like human. Shouldn’t we treat them like human? They are not doing anything wrong, but they are tortured. Those people should imagine how would they feel if someone shoved pipes into them on a daily basis that they have major issues.

6. Should the cigarettes smoking be banned as heroin consumption? Tobacco is one of the most widely - used recreational drugs in the world; mainly in the form of cigarettes, but also in cigars and pipes and in combination with cannabis and marijuana in “joints”. Although most countries put age restrictions on its use, over a billion adults smoke tobacco legally every day, and supplying this demand is big business. As well as having serious health consequences for smokers themselves, the pollution of other people's atmospheres with cigarette smoke also makes this an environmental issue. Attitudes have changed rapidly over the past twenty years. In the developed world, public opinion has shifted against smoking. I’m all for banning cigarettes smoking because: There is little doubt that smoking tobacco is extremely harmful to the smoker’s health. Tobacco causes up to 400,000 deaths each year more than AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, car crashes, murders, suicides and fires combines. World – wide some 3 million people die from smoking each year – one every ten seconds – which estimates suggest will rise to 10 million by 2020. Smokers are up to 22 times more likely to develop lung cancer than non – smokers and smoking can lead to a host of other health problems, including emphysema and hearth disease. One of the main responsibilities of any government is to ensure the safety of its population; that is why taking hard drugs and breaking the speed limit are also legal. Personal freedom is an important issue, but it is the tobacco companies who we should be acting against. If a company produces food that is poisonous or a car that fails safety test, the product is immediately taken off the market. Since all cigarettes and other tobacco products are poisonous and potentially lethal, they should all be taken off the market. In short, smoking should be banned. It would therefore be reasonable to ban smoking – an activity which kills millions of people each year. Smoking is not a real choice, as nicotine is an addictive drug - in fact, recent allegations suggest that tobacco companies deliberately produce the most addictive cigarettes they can. Up to 90% of smokers begin when they are below the age of 18, often due to peer pressure; once addicted, continuing to smoke is no longer an issue of freedom of choice, but of chemical compulsion. Like other addictive drugs such as heroin and cocaine, tobacco should be banned since this is the only way to force people to quit. Most smokers say that they want to kick the habit, so this legislation would be doing them a favor. At the very least there should be a ban on all tobacco advertising and even more prominent and graphic health warnings on cigarette packets to deter young people, in particular, from starting to smoke. 7. Should drivers of automobiles be prohibited from using cellular phones? Though once considered rare luxuries, cellular phones have become a commonplace possession over the last decade. Thanks in part to advances in wireless technology and immense public demand, cell phones have been made affordable to almost anyone wishing to pay for the phone and cellular service plans. Drivers who talk on either handheld or hand-free cellular telephones are as impaired as drunken drivers. I strongly support that while driving the use of cellular phones must be prohibited. The consequences resulting from the use of mobiles while driving can be dramatic. Therefore, laws need to be in place to curb and ultimately stop people using mobiles whilst driving. Drivers need to be aware of what is going on around them at all times, when on the road. The use of mobiles allows a drivers concentration to be diverted from the road, which could lead to the car veering, text messaging and photo messaging is perhaps even more of a danger of a danger, as it requires the mobile user to constantly remove his vision from the road to mobile screen. When driving it is not unusual to see cars slamming on breaks to avoid hitting cars that have slowed down in front due to them taking their eyes of the road to create or answer a message. Driving requires a big amount of concentration in order to keep the road and ourselves safe. Nowadays, many people have a license without being able to drive in a manner that is responsible. This brings out the question about cell phones. When we think about it there are many other factors that contribute to accidents. Eating, drinking, reaching for fallen objects, applying make up and taking to passengers are also some other elements that takes the drivers attention away from the road. Cell phones are not an exception, but they can also be very useful. Many people die every year from accidents. The vast majority of accidents are as result of careless driving. By talking on the cell phone, the driver’s attention is more on the conversation that on the road and in case of an emergency they would not have enough time to reach. I believe adults have to take responsibility for the use of mobiles when driving. Constant awareness through government and community needs to be in place. Revealing images of horrendous accidents where people were seriously hurt or died can achieve good results when trying to raise awareness. However, they present danger for everyone and I agree that phones use should be prohibited while driving. 8. Should restrictions be placed on the use of mobile phones in public areas like restaurants and theaters? Over the last few decades, the use of mobile phone has become a very essential factor of our daily lives. Been used by everyone, young and old, rich and poor for different purposes; communication, business transaction etc. There were controversies on if the cell phones should be allowed or better still discontinued in public places. There are instances where a mobile phones user makes a call and not considering the people around becomes a nuisance to others. Also it can have a bad effect on patients that can not tolerate noisy environment and patient who uses electronic devices for life – support, this second group of people get agitated as the waves going through the cell phone has the tendency to affect their device. There is nothing worse that being in a public place and having to sit and listen to someone else’s private conversation. Listening to someone’s private conversation whether you want to or not is very annoying. Some people naturally speak louder when they are on the phone and sometimes if there is a bad signal they will often repeat what they have said several times and they will speak even more loudly. But from the other side mobile phones are convenient and necessary. People may have an important and emergency call and they wouldn’t be able to answer it. They are the one who should think about this and to turn the ringer off leaving the vibrating alarm on when in cinema, in a restaurant or in any public place and then go to the foyer to take the call In my opinion government shouldn’t ban mobile phones in public places.  9. Shall we integrate from Marketing to E-Marketing? In the rapidly changing world, we should integrate from marketing to e – marketing. These days it’s very easy to get caught up in the delivery strategy for your marketing campaigns. E-mail marketing is just one of many channels that we can use to communicate with our customers. With all the various channels bombarding people with messages trying to convince them to buy, for many it has started to become noise. E – Marketing in the past has been considered as the poor relation compared to traditional marketing techniques or valid only for purely internet based business. However, the success that e – marketing now enjoys has clearly shown that any company which doesn’t has an e – marketing side to their business development is missing out on the huge opportunities on offer through this medium. This is particularly true for small and medium sized business without the marketing budgets available to larger companies. The cost effective and highly targeted nature of e – marketing together with the ability to monitor the results quickly and accurately means that e – marketing campaigns can be honed in real time to produce the best possible results and return on investment. The e – marketing planning should incorporate your business and marketing strategy and the resultant plans would outline what the website would offer in terms of corporate and product information, as well as hot to convert the website visitors into customers. Except in a very few cases, your e – marketing activity will not be employed in isolation but will be part of your company’s overall business development activity. With an integrated e – marketing program, you will be able to use your website and other on-line activities as key elements which complement and considerable add to your offline marketing activities. The resulting powerful combination of the two is your key to success, whether you are looking to increase your awareness or your sales promotion activities or you wish to improve your customer relationships. Anyway, the e – marketing will ultimately dominate the marketing world, with all forms of marketing becoming subordinate to it.

10. Should the death penalty be mandatory for people that kill other people? Should the murders be murdered too? That is a question that has been asked forever and it never gets a complete answer. Death penalty is legal in some countries for example in the United States, but that doesn’t mean that it’s legal everywhere in the United States. So for the same crime in a different country you will be punishment in a different way. Murdering a murder wouldn’t revive the victim and wouldn’t bring happiness to the families of the victims. People that intentionally kill someone need to keep away society and study, to see what drives them, to understand their mechanism so we can prevent in the future. Death penalty should be abolished. It is inhumane and inefficient. There are many cases when innocent people are accused for crime, A crime which they didn’t execute. So this people are sentenced to death. If someone is convicted and later found innocent he can be released from prison, but not from the grave. The death penalty doesn’t prevent others from committing murder. The death penalty is much more expensive than life in prison. The high costs of the death penalty are for the complicated legal process, and the largest costs come at the beginning, for the pre trial process and for the trial itself. The point is to avoid executing innocent people. The death penalty isn't reserved for the worst crimes, but for defendants with the worst lawyers. It doesn't apply to people with money. When is the last time a wealthy person was on death row, let alone executed? Families of murder victims are not unanimous about the death penalty. However, even families who have supported the death penalty in principal have testified that the drawn-out death penalty process is painful for them and that life without parole is an appropriate alternative. Killing people who kill others doesn’t send the message that “killing is wrong”. They would do the same that person did killing…so it means that since you kill someone that killed someone else you would be killed too… and it shouldn’t be the law purpose because there is other way of punishment. People shouldn’t kill people, so neither should the government. 12. What are two sides of the death penalty ? Is it a cruel murderer or a just punishment? Can it be a deterrent to crime? The death penalty is not about revenge, deterring others from committing the same type of crime or closure for the victims’ families. The death penalty is about removing from society a person who by his actions has proven himself unworthy to continue in it. Two sides of the juvenile death penalty debate have extremely different takes on the supreme court decision to ban executing those who were minors when they committed their crime. Is the death penalty cruel or unusual? On one hand our criminal justice system has no basis for deciding whether an individual deserves or does not deserve to live. Because the death penalty is the one punishment that can never be reversed, it is always unjust – our courts should be proven incapable of error before using it. On the other hand capital punishment is both constitutional and morally right. Prisons are used to reform criminals, but in certain cases – when guilt is unmistakable and the accused has a history of violent behavior – society has the right to demand the ultimate punishment. It doesn’t make sense to give someone who has been convicted of murder the chance to commit another. Can it be a deterrent to crime? No, the death penalty not deters crime. It doesn’t make communities safer and most people who commit crimes either do not expect to be caught or do not carefully weight the differences between a possible execution and life in prison before they act. 13. Should animal experimentation be permitted? I heard once “If you don’t love the animals, you can’t love the people!” Then it seemed funny to me. As I grew up my love for the animals grew and I started thinking that this sentence might be true. I also started thinking if the animal experimentation should be allowed. Today I have one more reason to start thinking about this. Every year there are around 35.000 animals in Europe or 300 000 000 around the world which are exhibited on pain. There are lots of experiments. For example //The Draize Eye Test// includes chemicals which are washing in the eyes of the rabbits. They have weaker tear system and because of that they don’t cry and that is why the scientists think that the rabbits are perfect for this kind of tests. But they don’t give them any painkiller and the rabbits feel pain. Is it human? No, it’s not. That’s why 24th of April is considered as world day for protection for the laboratory animals. The Director of Research Defense Society was asked if the medicine progress would be possible with out using the animals. He said: “I’m sure it would!” Animals have been used for experimentation for so long. They are abused and killed in an attempt to benefit the human race. This type of experimentation shouldn’t be allowed because I believe that animals should be treated equally to humans.

 14. Euthanasia as a way of relieving ill people's pain and save them from the tortures of their illness. Do we have the right to take people's life, if after all life is the greatest charisma? Euthanasia is often erroneously described as "mercy killing". Most forms of euthanasia are, indeed, motivated by mercy. Euthanasia is the intentional premature termination of another person's life either by direct intervention or by withholding life-prolonging measures and resources, either at the express or implied request of that person, or in the absence of such approval. **//Involuntary euthanasia//** - where the individual wishes to go on living - is an euphemism for **//murder//**. People who are against euthanasia are called “Pro-life”; this is also the view of Christians who regard euthanasia as a sin. There is other non-Christian reason: one of the strongest arguments against euthanasia is the question of who can decide how advanced a terminal illness is in order for euthanasia to be acceptable. For example: the case of American Sidney Cohen, who was diagnosed with cancer and given three months to live. He asked for euthanasia to be administered. He was suffering agonizing pain and was bed-ridden, but was refused euthanasia because it was illegal. Eight months later, he was still living, and said, "I now know that death is inevitable and since coming under hospice home care I now enjoy a full life." His fears of an agonizing death had been allayed and he was now staunchly opposed to euthanasia. The point here is that once fears are laid to rest and pain relieved, many people change their wish to have euthanasia administered. Also, it shows that doctors are not always correct in their diagnoses. Another point that the "Pro-life" lobby try to get across is that they believe no one dies painfully now, because of hospices and modern drugs, so euthanasia is not needed. Other arguments include the fact that many patients feel they are a great burden on their relatives and are causing them much pain. For these reasons, they might ask for euthanasia to be administered, when they may not want to die -- they just do not want to cause their family any more suffering. I think euthanasia should always be the //last// option, and all medical means should be exhausted to try to give the patient different options.

 15. Forests are the lungs of the earth. Should the rain forests destruction be prohibited? How is it possible to protect forests? Forests have been called the "Earth's [|lungs] ". We can see how the forests provide most of human needs. For instance, the forest keeps the air clean and balance, since most of the living thing produces Carbon Dioxide, tree produces Oxygen. The world we currently know is already at the risk of destruction. The main reason may be caused by deforestation. We can see that nowadays, disaster is everywhere, starting from earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, to typhoons. If we keep the balance of nature which is mainly forest in the land and clean water in the sea, the world will surely be healthy. Rainforests have important role of human life. They are home to two-thirds of all the living animal and plant species on Earth. It has been estimated that many hundreds of millions of species of plants, insects and microorganisms are still undiscovered. Forests have many functions for human life. Wood is the most important and the most used by people. With wood people can make paper, a house, furniture etc. But, nowadays people don’t care about the rain forest. They cut trees, take out the trash in the forest, exploitation the forest and much more. They don’t care the effect of the rain forest destruction, they just priority their want. The rain forest destruction must be prohibited. The bad effect of rain forest destruction can damage an animal habitats, temperature of earth can be hotter than now, water sea level can raising, island sinking and flooding. Destroying the forest is the same as destroying our own life-support system. A single tree in the park can only produce little amount of oxygen, while a forest which contains thousands or even millions of trees can produce millions times more. We must prohibit the rainforests destruction. To protect the forests we can support many programs which care, protect and converse our environment, or we can even become a member. The forests have an important role in human life, so we need them to continue our lives, since destruction the world’s forests amounts to death of the world we currently know. If we don’t care about our forest earth will be messy.

 16. Should sex education be increased in schools in an attempt to curb problems such as teenage pregnancy? I’m just thinking what is the number of pregnant teenagers in my town, in my country, in the world. How many people are diseased from aids? Why? Because they don’t have enough information about the consequences from unsafe sex. Children aged from 5-7 show their first interest about so called “what do I have-what do you have”, “why do I have this-why you don’t” like a game. Than is the best moment through game and fun contents to start with explanation, to meet them with the basic characteristics genital and basic differences and concepts, so later in the elementary school to talk about the education and in the beginning of high school to evaluate their awareness. Sex education would intercept children’s interest about their and the opposite sex and the awareness which they exchange each other. Besides the basic things about human reproduction, this subject might embrace the avoid themes such as: types of contraception, puberty and adulthood, birth, sexual figurative illness especially aids, best age for starting having sex etc. Youth of these days is unversed about these questions and their parents don’t have enough time, wish or courage to meet them on time. So they learn on the streets or even in praxis. That’s why I think  sex education  should increase in schools.

17. The 1920’s was a leisurely period in history and people began spending more time playing and observing sports. Who were the major contributors to this "Golden age" of sports and what influence, if any, did they have on future athletes and the sports they played? The decade of the 1920’s is often referred to as the “Golden Age of Sports.” This was a time when America and the world wanted to put the memory of the Great War behind them and enjoy life. It was a time when women in Canada really broke out of their shell and showed what they were made of. There was no better time in history for sports to emerge. In the early 1920’s sports became a very important part in citizen’s lives. With World War I just ending, people needed something to turn to. Radios were just not available to homes all over the United States. Sports were followed throughout the entire country. With the work force changing and shorter hours in effect, people had more free time at the end of the day, so they turned their attention to sports. For Americans in general, participating in and watching sporting events became part of the good life. Many different types of sports became popular in the 20’s like athletics, baseball, football, boxing, horse racing, tennis, and golf. A big amount of money was invested in giant stadiums – particularly for college football and professional baseball games. Colleges and Universities started introducing women’s basketball and ice hockey. Athletes were exalted as models for American youth and sports were often regarded as builders not only of physical skills but also of moral character. So the 1920’s was perfect timing for some superstars to emerge, to shine. The sports stars of this era remain well known even today; such was their fame and the publicity they received. Present day sporting stars are often compared to the greats of the 1920's.    George Herman Ruth, Jr. also popularly known as " Babe "    Ruth, " The Bambino ", and " The Sultan of Swat ", was an     [|American]     [|Major League]      [|baseball]. Ruth was a mainstay in the Yankees' lineup that won seven pennants and four    [|World Series]     titles during his tenure with the team. Ruth became one of the first five players elected to the     [|Baseball Hall of Fame]. Ruth has become one of the greatest sports heroes in     [|American culture]. He has been named the greatest baseball player in history in various surveys and rankings. Man o' War is considered as one of the greatest    [|thoroughbred racehorses]     of all time. During his career he won 20 of 21 races and $249,465 in purses. In the 1920's one of the most famous college football teams of today was really starting to come to the national stage. The team was led by their legendary coach Knute Rockne and in 1924 they featured one of the greatest backfields in college football history. Red Grange is one of those players that most of us probably have known his name as long as we have known football. Red Grange became a household name when he scored 5 touchdowns against Michigan. However his biggest accomplishment was probably establishing the pro game. Without a doubt the most famous and if not the best female athlete of the 1920's was Suzanne Lenglen named   // La Divine // (the divine one) by the French press. She brought a lot of attention to the game of tennis both by her exceptional play on the court and the outfits that she wore. Suzanne won 31    [|Grand Slam]     titles in 8 years. Bill Tilden is probably the first nationally known tennis star in the US. Big Bill as he was known won 10 majors, including Wimbledon at the age of 37. Jack Dempsey  was   the greatest heavyweight, a fierce fighter and usually awarded boxing fans with exciting fights. He was probably one of the most well known sportsmen of his time. Back in 1920’s they had all the best players we still know today....and they called them the golden players...so they decided to call that time "the golden age"

 18. Human beings do not need to eat meat in order to maintain good health because they can get all their food needs from meatless products and meatless substances. A vegetarian diet is as healthy as a diet containing meat. Argue for or against the opinion above. More and more teenagers are choosing not to eat meat, poultry or fish. They are becoming vegetarians. Teenage vegetarians are often faced with pressured – pressures from parents concerned about their health and pressures from within to continue on the path they have chosen. Vegetarian diet is healthier than diet containing meat. A vegetarian diet can be a healthy choice for everybody, even for the kids, as long as it’s properly planned. Vegetarians are generally at lower4 risk than non-vegetarians for heart disease, high blood pressure, some forms of cancer and obesity. Vegetarian diet tend to be lower in saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium and higher fiber, magnesium, potassium and antioxidants than the typical diet. There is considerable evidence to suggest positive between a vegetarian diet and reduces risk for several chronic, degenerative diseases and conditions, including obesity, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and some types of cancer. Though there are positive benefits of vegetarianism, it cannot prevent or cure disease. Vegetarian diet saves energy and precious resources. Eating vegetarian food reduces waste and devastation of earth’s precious resources, Consider the enormous energy put into growing grains to feed cattle. Aside from the gutted rainforests, up to 5000 gallous of water for is required to raise one pound of beef. Vegetarian diet is good for the spirit. It reduces needless suffering and killing in the world and increases compassion for all earthlings as well a feeling of lightness in oneself. Vegetarian diet is good for the body. A plant-based vegetarian diet is healthier and can prevent diseases. Vegetarians have a reduced risk of heart disease, obesity, colon cancer adult-onset diabetes, osteoporosis, gout, gallstones, kidney stones, lung cancer and breast cancer. Vegetarian diet combined with regular exercise, helps reduce blood pressure and can control, or even eliminate, non-insulin dependent diabetes. Vegetarian diet has so many advantages. It can also give you vitamins, protein and minerals.

19. What do you think about vegetarians ? Are they people who care for animals and want to protect them or people lacking the adequate ration? People need food to live. Food can be classified into two groups – vegetarian and non – vegetarian. They perhaps started as a non – vegetarian, but then they learned to eat fruits. Much later after research on nutrition they decided that not eating animal foods is the best way to attain ultimate health. Vegetarianism is considered a healthy, viable diet. Vegetarian diet is properly planned to satisfy the nutritional needs for all stages of life and large-scale studies have shown that vegetarian’s mortality for major causes of death was not significantly different between vegetarians and non – vegetarians, but the no significant reduction in mortality from ischemic heart disease among vegetarians. Necessary nutrients, proteins and amino acids for the body’s sustenance can be found in vegetables, grains, nuts, soymilk, eggs and dairy. Vegetarian diets can aid in keeping body weight under control and substantially reduce risks of heart disease and osteoporosis. Non – lean red meat has been found to be directly associated with dramatically increased risk of cancer of the lung, esophagus, liver and colon. A vegetarian diet benefits people’s health, the environment and animals too. First reason people decide to eat vegetation food is about their health. But they are also people that care about animals. It’s their second reason. They are concerned about animal rights, they think about the billions of chickens and other animals slaughtered for food each year and the conditions in which animals killed for food are raised. Around 50 billion animals are slaughtered every year for food. This does not include the million more slaughtered for fashion such as fur and leather. But why do we need to kill them for food? We can get enough proteins and other nutrients from other sources. God gave them to us and we should take care of them. When a kid is hurt, he cries and runs to his parents. Parents feel pity and medicate him out of caring and affection. Why don’t we think the animals won’t feel the same? They just can’t express. Animals can’t depend on themselves. They need us. They are the beauty of nature. Vegetarian times – great food, good health, smart living.

20. Advertising: Information or Manipulation? Advertising is more about manipulation than information. Advertising has a large influence on people’s lives. They influence the cars people drive, the clothes they wear and finally ads influence people’s eating habits.

Advertising is used to masterfully engage the mind of the consumer to motivate him or her to buy the advertised product. Federal regulators should restrict television advertising aimed at children 8 and younger because research shows youngsters lack the skills to question a commercial’s claims as anything but fact. Studies found that young children are unable to comprehend televised advertising messages and as a result are likely to consider commercials as truthful accurate and unbiased. This can lead to unhealthy eating habits as evidenced by today’s youth obesity epidemic. “All advertising to children too young to recognize the persuasive intent of such messages is by its very nature exploitative” said the report by a special task force. It added that advertisers should also put disclaimers in words children can understand, Instead of some assembly required, the commercial should say “You have to put it together” the report said. Additionally, they said, parents have a responsibility to advice children on ads truthfulness.

There are many “tricks of the trade”, for example: “Buy now, limited quantities, new and improved, while supplies last”. There are tons of supplies and that the offer will be good two days from now.

Advertising is more than just selling products, but about branding. It’s the art of making you think you need something you don’t really need. Kind of amazing at what people can try to sell you and make you believe you need it too.

 22. Education is an indivisible part of the prosperity of the nation. The more educated and cultured people there are in the country the more flourishing and thrifty the country is. Comment on this issue, argument your decision.
 * Education plays a vital role to a productive, good life. It improves the value and excellence of one’s life. It is a self-enlightening process, an important component of life. **
 * The first thing that strikes me about education is knowledge gain. Education gives us the knowledge of the world around us. It develops in us a perspective of looking at life. It helps us build opinions and have points of view on everything in life. It makes us capable of interpreting rightly the thing perceived. Education is not about lessons and poems in textbooks. It is about lessons of life. **
 * Education is important as it teaches us the right behavior, the good manners thus making us civilizes. It teaches us how to lead our lives. Education is the basis of culture and civilization. It is instrumental in the development of our values and virtues, cultivates us into mature individuals, individuals, capable op planning for our futures and taking the right decisions. Education arms us with an insight to look at our lives and learn from every experience. It equips us with all that is needed to make our dreams come true, opens doors of brilliant career opportunities and fetches better prospects in career and growth. Every employer of today requires his prospective employees to be well educated. He requires expertise. So, education becomes an eligibility criterion for employment into any sector of the industry. **
 * Without education there is no prosperity. In a developing country, education is essential in order to achieve a stronger economy. Also, a country needs a good educational system to produce its own doctors, lawyers, engineers and professors. By not importing professionals, the country will ultimately keep the money in its economy. **
 * The future of a nation is safe in the hands of educated individuals. Education is important for the economy growth of a nation. It fosters principles of equality and socialism. **
 * Education is important especially for young kids because it is when they are still young that their minds are open and teachable and it’s a time of life when they view things with innocence and receptiveness. **

23.Should society assume more responsibility for pregnant teenagers and children they bear? Very often the defect of information has many consequences. Teenagers living in the “mad age” because of the curiosity usually made many mistakes. Most of them are ashamed to talk with their parents or with anyone else and for the unsafe sex they pay whole life. We must honor and promote sexual abstinence. Thus far we have been talking about the problem. Now it’s time to propose a solution. There are two parts to this approach. We must teach sexual abstinence. A fundamental reason for the increase in unwed births is teenage sexual promiscuity. We must target teen pregnancy. The problem with teenage sex is not simply that teens are having sex. In approximately half the cases, adults are having sex with teenagers. State laws governing statutory rape are often called a "fictitious chastity belt" since law enforcement often ignore the laws. The reasons for lax enforcement are varied, but they surely include the fallout from the sexual revolution and the children's rights movement. As a society, we have come to accept the notion that even young teenagers are engaging in consensual sex. While there may be some tawdry publicity when a high profile entertainer like Woody Allen or Kelsey Grammar is accused of sex with a teenager, generally the issue is ignored. Nowadays kids are having kids. There is nothing bad about being a parent, but it is bad a kid to be responsible for a baby. Teenagers are so uninformed about consequences of unsafe sex and many of them are destroying their life. The old people say: “One minute sweet, whole life dad”. In my opinion, the society shouldn’t assume more responsibility about pregnant teenagers and their children. Everyone should pay for its mistakes and to bear the results. We should all we aware of our conduct. Besides the teenagers responsibility should be taken by their parents because partly it is their fault because they didn’t talk with their children on time. 24. The mass media, including TV, radio, newspapers have a great influence on people and especially on the younger generation. It plays an important role in shaping the opinions and positions of the younger generation. Argue for or against this statement.

The mass media have a huge influence on people, especially on the younger generation. This is creating a big change in the way people eat, dress and even act. In the last 50 years the media influence has grown exponentially with the advance of technology, first there was the telegraph, then the radio, the newspaper, magazines, television and now the internet. We live in a society that depends on information and communication to keep moving in the right direction and do our daily activities like work, entertainment, health care, education, personal relationships, traveling and anything else that we have to do. The mass media are an increasingly accessible way for people to learn about and see sexual behavior. The media may be especially important for young people as they are developing their own sexual beliefs and patterns of behavior and as parents and school remain reluctant to discuss sexual topics. We have many teens see the thinness of models like Kate Moss and Giselle Bunchen and in certain ways they want to be like them. This creates a huge dissatisfaction in girl’s bodies that make them change their eating manners. A new study shows a relationship between fashion magazine reading and certain eating disorders and television viewing and body dissatisfaction. Off all the media distribution channels the most influential are the internet and the television where we are constantly exposed to thousands of images of violence, advertising, sex, celebrities and much more. In fact a child is exposed to about 40.000 ads a year. A common person in the city usually wakes up checks the TV news or newspapers, goes to work, makes a few phone calls, eats with their family when possible and make their decisions based on the information that he has either from their co workers, news, TV, friends, family, financial reports etc. The mass media plays a huge role in shaping the opinions of younger generations.

CHARITY ORANIZATION A massive flood in the Krishna River, recently wrecked havoc in various districts of Karnataka, including Krishna, Guntur and Nalgonda. More than 400 villages have been brutally swamped up by the flood, which has been reported to be the worst in River Krishna in the last 100 years. The heart rendering statistics of the number of people affected show it to be as high as 2,700,000 including 73 deaths, 6295 livestock and 6189 cattle loss. The saga of devastation does not stop at just this! Figures say that a mere 25 % of the 33090 families have received the government relief. It is thus clear that the Govt.’s efforts and back up plans are just not adequate to provide these people with the basic lines of amenities under such adverse situations. ||
 * A total of 82 villages have been reported to be affected in the operational area of Krishna district. Death and casualties just seem to be the brighter side of the picture as life at the moment looks like a greater struggle with mammoth scarcity of food and drinking water. Flooding and stagnant water have only added to the woes by augmenting the chances of an epidemic breakout, while damaged homes throughout the area and depict the smashed mental states of each and every victim.
 * As human being I will extend a helping hand to these aggrieved people, who have not only lost their lives, their near and dear ones and property, but also their self confidence to rebuild everything from the rubbles. It’s very simple. I will just donate money though their secure online payment gateway.  ||

** 1. WHAT HAS BEEN THE BEST PERIOD IN YOUR LIFE, AND WHY? ** In my life I have had bad moments and also happy moments. The best period in my life was my childhood. A person’s childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most important years of a person’s life, because in these years they study many important things for the future life. I remember my childhood nostalgically because then I pass the best, the funniest and the happiest days in my life. Every day I and my friends in the morning were going out. We were all day together and besides we weren’t all at the same ages (there were alder and younger than me) we never separate in groups. I remember that we didn’t go home whole day. Not ever for lunch. We were taking sandwiches and we ate outside. We played many games. My favorite one was playing football. We were all so happy and complex. There weren’t any intrigues, hypocrisy, enviousness and bad thoughts like there is today. We had pure smiles, pure thoughts, pure souls. Then some of my friends (the alder ones) grow up, they started going out with boys, then they went in high school, so they started to move away. Then I and the girls on my age went in high school, we didn’t have any time for going out and our union broke up. I will always remember my childhood because it was the best period in my life.
 * ESSAY TOPICS**

There isn’t a person on this planet that hasn’t made mistakes in their lives. We all made mistakes and I think that they are very useful. People learn from them and if we don’t make any mistakes we wouldn’t know what is right and what is wrong. After the mistake was made, we often think how to repair it. We can’t change them because we can’t go back and change the past, but we should apologize if we offended some person and that person should accept that apologize. In the world of education, the more mistakes a person makes, the less intelligent that person is thought to be. But I don’t agree with this claim. I totally support another one which says “we are people and people made mistakes”. In my opinion mistakes are opportunities to learn something new. People learn from their mistakes, because when you make a mistake and experience the consequences of the mistake, typically not so good consequences, you wouldn’t want to make that mistake again, because you wouldn’t want to feel on your skin those consequences again. Just like everybody I have made some mistakes too. After that of course I was regretting, but I learned many things from them. First of all I learned how to behave in the future and not to repeat the same mistakes.
 * 2. MANY PEOPLE FEEL THAT THEY HAVE “LEARNED SOME **** LESSONS” IN THEIR LIFE. THEY MAY HAVE MADE SOME **** MISTAKES THAT TAUGHT THEM SOMETHING **

You are standing up, waiting for something small to come flying in your direction. Suddenly you see it, you quickly reach out and you give it back or you try to put it at the right place. Are you: 1. Swatting mosquitoes against the Great Wall of China; 2. A baseball outfielder dealing with rowdy, food-throwing fans; 3. In the world’s most violent puppet show? NO, YOU ARE PLAYING HANDBALL!!! Handball is a sport that’s played by 6 players and 1 goalkeeper. At first sight it is very easy, but when you try it, you realize it is harder than you can imagine. That happened to me, like it happens with everyone that loves handball and then wants to try it because it is a fast and very aggressive game. I love handball since I know about myself. I never missed one game on TV and I wanted to play too. But I didn’t know there was a handball team in my town. I heard about that when I was finishing my first year in high school. When I heard about that I went in the sport hall the next day, although I though it was too late for me to start. But anyway I started playing and soon my team got into the super league. So we needed two teams: the seniors and juniors. My first game was with the seniors against Kometal - the biggest handball name in Macedonia. When I thought that I will seat all 60 min. at the chair and when I thank God that I will not get in my coach said: Get it!!! And I was so scared. I thought my heart will get out of my body. But it was the end of the game and I played just few minutes, so my heart was saved. It couldn’t get out for few minutes J J  Well as the time passed by I started getting better and better, but I still thing that I got in the team very late. Anyway this sport made me better in many ways and I don’t regret for playing it. Handball is my life!!!
 * 3. THINK OF SOMETHING YOU REALLY LIKE DOING **

** 4. WHAT DO YOU THINK THE MOST SERIOUS PROBLEM IN ** **THE WORLD IS? WHY?** It is a fact that there are lots of problems in the world. And it is also a fact that they influence the people's lifes. Global warming, the world economic crisis, unemployment, poverty... Although there are lots of problems in the world, I think that the biggest and most serious problem is the world economic crisis. This crisis affects the lives of millions people in the world. Many companies and factories are closed and many people are starving. They don’t have money to buy food, they are cold, they don't have money to pay their bills and they lead a life full with worries and problems. The bad economic life causes health problems and many people suffer about that. Also, the bad hygienic conditions cause many diseases. And not only that. People need money to live their lives; they can not function only from the air that they breathe. However, the H1N1 virus is wide spread in the world. Lots of innocent people have died and those who are affected by this virus have to be treated with tamiflu. But this costs money and everything goes in circle. So, the great minds in the world, should take some action. They have to find solutions and solve this problem immediately.

** 5. CHOOSE AN IMPORTANT PERSON THAT YOU HAVE LOOKED **** UP TO AND WHO HAS HELPED YOU IN YOUR LIFE. ** Throughout my life, I’ve had the opportunity to meet many people and most of them have helped me when I needed. But there’s one person who I know I couldn’t live without and that’s why she is the most important person in my life. This person would do anything for me. I’m talking about my mother Roza. First of all I have to say that she is very beautiful. If we talk about her inside beauty I would say that she is even ten times more beautiful inside. Well if she is so beautiful outside, can you imagine hoe beautiful is she inside? No, you can’t. She is the best person in the world. My mom gives me wonderful advices and has taught me a lot about life. She’s been a part of my life since I was born, but I really needed her more as I approached my teenage years. I never do anything serious without talking with her and taking her advice. She has done many things to make me realize that she’d do anything foe me. My mom has been always there for me. But not only for me. She is available any time for anyone. My mom is very nice, generous, friendly and helpful. She works in a hospital as a nurse and that is why she is so helpful. She helps everyone that asks foe help, usually our sick family members and neighbors. Talking to her is a real pleasure. She is always ready to give you an advice and make you feel better. When I grow up I want to be just like her.

Money...Some people think that money are the root of all evils but honestly I do not support this claim. According to me money are only means for the life, but they are not everything. If I were given a million dollars I would do very useful things. I really love children so the first thing that I would do with a pleasure is to give 200 000 dollars for the sick children and children without parents because I feel really sorry for them and I wish these children the best. I would spent 100 000 dollars in the improvement of the health organizations, mainly in hospitals. People need better health system better conditions in the hospitals. With 200 000 dollars I would pay as many operations as I can for the people who don’t have enough money for medicate. I would invest 200 000 dollars in the education because we have to improve our educational system. Also I would invest 200 000 dollars to open new factories where most of the people who are unemployed will work. Lastly with 100 000 dollars I would help to open many organizations whose aim will be professional orientation. Many young people after finishing primary school and later high school don't know where to continue their education. Professional orientation will help them to make the right choice.
 * 6. IF YOU WERE GIVEN ONE MILLION DOLLARS TO SPEND HOW **** WOULD YOU SPEND IT? **

Throughout the previous years, there were a lot of debates whether the students learn useful things in school. Many books were written and lot of conversations included this theme. We all know that it is very useful for students to go in school and to study their subjects but the crucial question is: Are these facts going to help the students in their future? Or maybe there is something that is more useful? My personal opinion is that you can not learn everything in school and I know that many people will agree with me. For example: Although we learn many facts and a variety of information about different things in school, we do not get all the answers there. We don't get the answers how to behave in stressful situations, how to overcome the problems in our everyday life or even how to choose the right partner in our life. And you have to agree that these questions are very important for our future. Even though schools are very important, the real experience is more precious. From our experience we can learn many things but this doesn't mean that we don't need the education from the school. School education and our life experience complement each other. So, we have to study a lot and be prepared for the problems in our life. As the time goes by we will accumulate a great experience and we will learn from our mistakes how to overcome every problem and each stressful situation. School education is inseparable part from our lives but so is the real life experience. 8. WHAT ARE YOUR REASONS FOR RETURNING TO SCHOOL **** THIS YEAR? ** They say time flies when you are having fun, when you are in high school, when you are in the best period of your life. I totally agree with this claim. Even when we grow up, the high school days will stay forever in our memory. We would remember our school teammates, our teachers, the crazy things that we were used to do, maybe some arguing or fight that would look funny than. But these are not my reasons for returning this year to school. Honestly the first reason is that I have to. Today high school is compulsorily. Anyway these high school days will not be ineffectively. What I learned in my school will help me a lot when I will finish high school. And that is another reason why I returned to school this year. I want to finish the high school of course with good grades and than to go at the Kiril and Metodij University. Whole my life I was dreaming to be somebody, to work in a big corporation as a manager and to be successful. And that is why I have to finish high school and than I would go at the University. I think that with hard work I could realize my dream.
 * 7. MANY PEOPLE BELIEVE YOU CANNOT LEARN EVERYTHING IN **** SCHOOL. SOME SAY THAT EXPERIENCE IS THE BEST TEACHER. **** WHAT’S MORE IMPORTANT TO A PERSONS EDUCATION: THINGS **** LEARNED IN SCHOOL OR THROUGH REAL LIFE EXPERIENCES? **

//Page 119 ex.1// Szerencs n. 43 3300 Eger Hungary Friday, 14 June Dear Mr. and Mrs. Kendal I am home **__two weeks ago__**, (since two weeks) but I have to start **__working__** (work) immediately, so this is the first time (is) possible for me to write. How are you all? Are you **__as__** busy as usual? Does Tim still work hard for his exam next month? **__I miss__** (I am miss) you a lot and also all my friends from Dublin. Yesterday **__I received__** (I’ve received) a letter from my Spain friend, Martina, and she told me **__something about__** (about some of) the other people I met. She **__said__** (say) that Atsuko and Yuki will write me from Japan. I am lucky because I made so many good **__friends__** (friend) **__while__** (during) I was in Ireland. It was really interesting for me to meet people from so many different countries. I think that we not only improved our English (I hope this!) but we also knew people from all over the world and **__that__** (this) is important. My **__family is__** (family are) fine. They had a good summer holiday by the lake. We are all very **__excited__** (exciting) because my brother **__is going to__** (will) get married just before Christmas and we like **__his girlfriend very much__** (very much his girlfriend). They **__were looking__** (have looked) for a flat near the city centre but it is **__not__** (no) easy to find one. If they **__don’t__** (won’t) find one soon, they will have to stay here with us. Please write soon. My **__family sends__** (family send) best wishes to **__all of you__** (you all). I hope I can come back next year. **__Staying__** (stay) with you was a (very) wonderful experience for me. Thank you for **__everything__** (all things) and excuse my mistakes. **__I’ve already forgotten__** (forget) **__many__** (much) words. Yours faithfully, Kati //Page 118 ex.3// Hi Melody I hope you’re all well. Things are busy here. Maya moved out last week. She found a small apartment not far from here, **__so__** we still see her all the time. She also got a new job at a radio station. **__Unfortunately__** it doesn’t pay very well, **__but__** at lease she likes it. Now that Maya has moved out, it’s only Joe and me at home. After 24 years of having kids around the house, it’s a little strange to have the place all to ourselves. **__In fact__** it’s nice to come home to a clean house at the end of the day. Samantha is going to graduate from Oberlin Collage this year. We’re all very proud and **__of course__** we’re going to have a party for her. **__Actually__** it’s going to be a surprise party. So, shih! Samantha says she want to travel somewhere interesting this summer, **__but__** she hasn’t decided where to do yet. Joe’s fine **__although__** he’s been in a bed mood lately. He hasn’t been able to do much in the garden **__because__** it’s raining every day for the last two weeks. **__In fact__** it’s been the rainiest summer for 20 years. **__Anyway__** that’s enough of our news. How are you all? What are you up to? Write back and tell me everything! Love Jackie. //Page 118 ex.2//
 * CORRECTING MISTAKES (2)**
 * __Can you please__** (Please can you) check something for me? I can’t find my red scarf. I think maybe I have forgotten it in the **__cupboard__** (cuboard) in my bedroom.
 * __P.S.__** (PS) I hope you like the photo. It’s nice, isn’t it?

Peter doesn’t like working in London. In fact, he is thinking of changing jobs. Peter and I are in love. Actually, __we are going to get married.__ Of course, having a baby has totally changed our lives. Naturally, when I was a child __I didn’t know that having a baby is so difficult.__ She tried really hard, and fortunately, she passed the exam. She stood and waited for over an hour, but unfortunately, __she didn’t pass the exam.__ The accident wasn’t her fault. Nevertheless, she felt terrible. My father didn’t do very well at school. Nevertheless, __I do well at school.__ What traffic! I thought I’d never get here. Anyway, now let’s get on with the meeting. Anyway, you’ve heard enough about me. __What’s about you?__ // Page 118 ex.1 // 1a. George was rich but he wasn’t happy man. 1b. Although George was rich, he wasn’t happy man. 1c. George was rich. However he wasn’t happy man. 2a. Jo rang me from a phone box because she’s lost her mobile. 2b. Jo’s lost her mobile, so she rang me from a phone box.
 * 1) **In fact/Actually**
 * 1) **Of course/Naturally**
 * 1) **Fortunately/Unfortunately**
 * 1) **Nevertheless**
 * 1) **Anyway**

//Page 117 ex.4// The talented boy from Krusevo – Tose Proeski, the best Macedonian vocalist ever, was born on 25th of January 1981. His vocal abilities were amazing and he was famous worldwide for his music. Tose had his first more significant public appearance at the festival “Makfest” in 1996 and in 1997 in Prilep he was awarded first prize twice in a row. His debut album “Nekade Vo Nokta” with 11 beautiful songs, was released on 15th of May, a day after he performed the song “Tvoite Baknezi Na Moite Beli Kosuli” at the Skopje’s festival 1999. He won the first prize by the audience and this song was topping the charts for months. That summer Tose had his first solo concert in Skopje which in spite of the rain was unforgettable for all his fans. After that he had many concert in all parts of ex-Yugoslavia and in many parts of the world like Australia, Canada, USA, Germany, Ukraine etc. Each year Tose had humanitarian concerts in the Universal Hall in Skopje and that’s why in 2003 he was awarded Mother Theresa humanitarian award.During his life he realized 7 albums and he was preparing his 8th album on English for his world career. But his life was too short and unfortunately he died in a car crash in 16.10.2007. His last song was “Makedonija Naviva Za Vas”.

//Page 117 ex.3// Returning to Sweden with his brother Emil in 1852, they started working together in their father’s explosives factory. An explosion in the factory killed Emil in 1864. Deeply affected by Emil’s death, Alfred invented a safer explosive in 1867. He called the explosive “dynamite”. Alfred made a fortune when he started to set up dynamites factories in many parts of the world. After his death he left $9 millions. The money he left was used for setting up yearly prizes for science, literature and world peace. Because of him the prizes are called Nobel Prizes.

//Page 117 ex.2// Alfred Bernhard Nobel, the Swedish engineer, who was born in Stockholm in 1833, was an inventor and a poet. At the age of nine he left Stockholm because his family moved to Russia. In the United States and France private tutors educated him about chemical engineering, languages and literature.

//Page 117 ex.1// Astrid Johnson __is a__ cellist. __She is__ Swedish. __She__ is famous for her music. __She is famous__ worldwide. __She__ started playing the cello at the age of three. __She was__ born in Stockholm in 1960. __She__ left Stockholm in 1978. She won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music in London. She studied the cello. She studied the history of music and composition. She has traveled all over the world. __She has__ played in concerts and composed film music. She has lived and worked in many places. __She has lived and worked in__ London, New York, and Paris. She now lives __in Paris. She lives__ with her daughter and her second husband. __He is a__ conductor. __He is__ Georges Leveaux.

//Page 106 ex.4// Of all my relatives I like my mother the best. Her name is Roza and she is thirty-eight years old. She has short blond hair and clear blue eyes. She is tall and thin. My mom is very nice, generous, friendly and helpful. Her favorite singer is Tose Proeski and she loves to listen his music. My mother also likes Spanish TV soups, but she hates computers and computer games. She works in a hospital as nurse and that is why she is so helpful. She helps everyone that asks for help, usually our sick family members and neighbors.Talking to her is a real pleasure. She is always ready to give you advice and make you fell better. Even if she is busy, she has always time for everyone. When I grow up I want to be just like her. //

Page 106 ex.2 // Appearance || Emily has a fair complexion, curly grey hair and deep blue eyes. She has a kind face and warm, friendly smile. || // Page 116 ex.1 // **QUESTIONS** 1. What is her name? 2. How is this person related to you? 3. Why are you choosing this person? 4. What is she like? 5. What does she look like? 6. What does she like to do? 1. Her name is Roza. 2. She is my mother. 3. I choose her because she is the person that I love the best. 4. She is very kind and nice person, she is very generous and helpful. 5. My mother has blond hair and brown eyes. She is quite tall and she is still very beautiful. 6. She likes watching television, usually TV soups.
 * Physical
 * Character || She is extremely generous, but not very tolerant. ||
 * Habits || Emily likes reading and gardening, and she likes to take her dog for long walks in the park. ||
 * ANSWERS**

//Page 115 ex.5//

=
When they got outside again the rain had turned to snow. They ran to the car, **__hysterically__** laughing. They felt that they had been released from a prison and now they **__desperately__** wanted to be with lots of people. They **__quickly__** drove to the next village and as midnight was striking **__fortunately__** they found a hotel with a room just for the night. Happy New Year! Cried Jack, as he **__warmly__** kissed the surprised receptionist on both cheeks. You have no idea how beautiful your hotel is!====== //Page 114 ex.3// The old lady was wearing an old hat, and strange looking old clothes. In the one hand she was carrying a large glass of whisky and a black cat in the other. Then they enter the house. The house was absolutely creepy and old, with lot of stuff from the past. There were a lot of spider webs everywhere. The old lady led Jack and Liza slowly up the stairs. Liza and Jack were so scared. There were two huge dogs growling menacingly on the top of the stairs. On the top floor there was a bed and behind him a door. Then Jack and Liza entered the room on the top floor. When they saw the rooms they couldn’t believe their eyes because there were people corpses everywhere. A horrible smell was all over the room. Then the old lady just smiles and orders the dogs to kill the visitors. Jack and Liza immediately started to run downstairs. They hurriedly left the house and went outside.

//Page 114 ex.2// After Christmas just two years ago Jack and Liza suddenly decided to go **__somewhere__** away for New Year. They didn’t want to stay in a hotel with people so they were **__really__** delighted when they saw an advertisement in The Sunday Times for a holiday flat in a village near Oxford. **__However__** it was no ordinary flat. It was on the top floor of an old Elizabethan mansion. They booked it **__immediately,__** and on New Year’s Eve they set off in the car. **__Although__** it was **__heavily__** raining and freezing cold, they were happy and excited. They had been driving for nearly three hours when they **__finally__** saw the house in the distance. It looked magnificent with tall chimneys and an **__incredibly__** long, wide drive. They drove up to they house, went up the steps to the huge front door and **__loudly__** knocked. Nothing happened. They knocked again **__more loudly__**. **__Eventually__** the door slowly opened and a small, wild-looking old lady stood there.
 * A** **HOLIDAY** **HORROR STORY**

//Page 113 ex.3// **A LETTER OF APPLICATION** Trans-Globe Tours Victoria Square London SW1 6VC

Dear Martin Ruane, I am writing in response to your deadlines in today’s Vest for a Tour guide. As you will see from the enclosed CV, I studied tourism and modern languages at University College Kiril i Metodij, Skopje and went to do a master’s tourism degree at University College, Belgrade. I consider myself the ideal candidate for the job because I have all the relevant experience and requirements for this job. In my present job I am working for the Eastern Europe Airlines. Before this, I worked for in the Local High School as an Geography teacher, and I had great communication with the students. They say I am a very friendly person. I have good interpersonal skills with lot of people around the world. I speak English, German fluently, and a little Spanish and French. I am an enthusiastic and hard-working person. I have a genuine interest in other countries in Europe and all the cultures in the world. I also like to travel all around the world to see some new countries. I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.

Yours sincerely, Marija Jankoska

//Page 113 ex.2// 1. What job is Nancy applying for? - Nancy is applying for Business Journalist in Worldwatch Company. 2. Where did she hear about the vacancy? - She heard and read about the vacancy in a daily magazine Guardian. 3. What is she sending with her letter? - Nancy with her letter is sending her CV. 4. Look at the letter and the advert. Why does she think she is the right for the job? - I think she is right for the job because she have all the requirements like a master’s degree in journalism, experience from business journalism, she’s fluent in French, German and also Spanish. She is hard-working person and have excellent communication skills and a plus some international travel experience.

//Page 112 ex.1// **A LETTER OF APPLICATION** Worldwatch Europe IPA 56 Merritts Avenue Overland Park Reading RG2 6HD

Dear David Benton, I am an enthusiastic and **__hard-working__** person. I am good at organizing people and can meet **__advertisement.__**
 * __I am writing in response__** to your **__deadlines__** in today’s Guardian for a journalist based in Geneva.
 * __As you will see__** from the enclosed **__CV,__** I studied journalism and modern languages at University College, London, and went on to do a master’s in journalism at Queen Mary’s College, London.
 * __I consider myself__** the ideal candidate for the job because I have all the relevant **__experience.__** In my present job I am in charge of Eastern Europe publications for Intertec Publishing. Before this, I worked for the BBC World Service, at first covering Mexico and Argentina, then Europe. I have traveled **__on business__** in South America and Europe. In my present job I frequently go to Japan **__widely.__** I speak French, German, and Spanish **__fluently.__**
 * __I look forward to hearing from__** you in the near future.

Yours sincerely, Nancy Mann

//Page 110 ex.3// The room in our house **__I like best__** is our kitchen. Perhaps the kitchen is the most important room in many houses, but it is particularly so in our house because it is not only **__where we cook and eat__** but it is also the place **__where family and friends come together.__** I have so many happy memories of times spent there: ordinary daily events such as making breakfast on dark, cold winter mornings for children **__who are cross and sleepy,__** before sending them off to school,: or special occasions such as homecomings or cooking Christmas dinner. Whenever we have a party, people gravitate with their drinks to the kitchen. It always ends up the fullest and noisiest room in the house. So what does this special room look like? It’s quite big, but not huge. It’s big enough to have a good-sized rectangular table in the centre, **__which is the focal point of the room.__** There is a large window above the sink, looking out onto two apple trees in the garden. There’s a big, old cooking stove at one end, and at the other end a wall with a huge notice board **__which tells the story__** of our lives, past, present and future: a school photo of the kids; a postcard from Auntie Nancy, **__whose family have all emigrated__** to Australia; the menu from a take-away Chinese restaurant; an invitation to a wedding that we’re going to the next Saturday; a letter from a friend **__we haven’t seen__** for years. All our world is there for everyone to read! The front door is seldom used in our house, only by strangers. All our friends use back door **__which means__** they come straight into the kitchen and join in whatever is happening there. The kettle goes on immediately and then we all sit round the table, drinking tea and putting the world to rights. Without doubt some of the happiest times of my life have been spent in our kitchen.
 * MY FAVOURITE ROOM**

//Page 109 ex.2// To: Anne Westcombe / Date 26. 05. 2009 From: Janet Cooper / To Fax No. 01326 230579 <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Subject: Reservation / From Fax No. 01259 67821
 * FAX TRANSMISSION**

I would like to reserve two bed and breakfast at your rooms. We are arriving on 27 August. We hope to stay six nights for departing on 2 September. My husband and I preferably would like a room with double an en-suite bathroom. I also would like to reserve a room for our two teenage daughters. Both should be non-smoking rooms. Would it be possible the rooms to have facing sea? Do you have available rooms for these dates? Could you also tell me the price of each room? I look forward to hearing from you. //Page 108 ex.4 //**HAVING A UNIVERSITY DEGREE** The most of the people think that having a university degree is one of the best things that can help you in your life. However, having a university degree also has both pros and cons. One advantage is that having a university degree helps you to get a well paid job. Another point is that with university degree the people will respect you more, and for instance you’ll have better life. In my opinion people with university degree earn more money from the ordinary people with only high school. All in all having a university degree will bring you a better job, better social life, more money, respect from the people around you, and more knowledge that you’ll need it in your life. But, there are disadvantages too. For one thing you have to spend every day in the university and studying late every night. Another point is that you won’t have time to go on parties, watching TV or staying on internet for too long. What is more, you will hardly have time to take a nap. Last of all, you will be separated from your family, and you have to study hard to get big grades on the exams. Finally, although a lot of people think is hard to get a university degree, I think that if you work hard, and get a university degree, your life will be changed to better, and you’ll have brighter future with lots of advantages.

//Page 108 ex.3// **PROS AND CONS** <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 1. Don’t have to go to work --- have to go to school Monday to Friday. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 2. Can’t go out to parties with friends --- need to ask your parents’ permission. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 3. Don’t have to cook and clean --- have to do homework and take exams. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 4. Costs less to do things --- and never given enough pocket money.

//Page 108 ex.1// Some people say that childhood is the best time of your life. However, being a child has both **__pros and cons.__** //(Advantages and disadvantages)// However, foe every plus there is a minus. **__One disadvantage is that__** (//For one thing),// you have to spend all day, Monday to Friday at school. Studying usually means you have to do homework and you have to take exams. **__Another point is that__** //(What is more),// you may have a lot of free time, but you are rarely allowed to do whatever you want. You usually have to ask your parents if you can do things, from going shopping in town to staying out late or going to a party. **__Finally__** (//Last of all//), although there are often cheaper prices for children, things are still expensive – and parents are not always generous with pocket money. There’s never enough to do everything you want. **__All things considered__** //(The reality is that)// sometimes there’s not enough to do anything at all!
 * CHILDHOOD – THE BEST TIME OF YOUR LIFE**
 * __One advantage is that__** __(__//On the plus side)// you have very few responsibilities. __**For instance**__ //(For example)// you don’t have to go to work, pay bills, or do the shopping, cooking or cleaning. This means you have plenty of free time to do whatever you want – watch TV; play on the computer; go out with friends, play sports or pursue other hobbies. **__Moreover__** (//On top of that),// public transport, cinema and sports centers cost much less for children. **__In fact__** (//All in all),// being a child is an exciting, action-packed time in life.
 * __In conclusion__** //(To sum it up)// although some people see childhood as the best time in life, **__In my opinion__** //(I thing that)// children have no real choice, independence or money. Nevertheless, it is true that choice, money and independence all bring responsibility and restrictions – which increase with age.

//Page 107 ex.4// Once upon a time there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess, but she would have to be a real princess. He travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere could he get what he wanted. There were princess enough, but it was difficult to find out whether they were real ones. There was always something about them that was not as it should be. So he came home again and was sad, for he would have liked very much to have a real princess. One evening a terrible storm came on: there was thunder and lighting, and the rain poured down in torrents. Suddenly a knocking was heard at the city gate and the old king went to open it. It was a princess standing out there in front of the gate. But, good gracious! What a sight the rain and the wind had made her look. The water ran down from her hair and clothes, it ran down into the toes of the shoes and out again at the hells. And yet she said that she was a real princess. “Well, we’ll soon find that out,” thought the old queen. But she said nothing, went into the bedroom, took all the bedding off the bedstead and laid a pea on the bottom, then she took twenty mattresses and laid a pea on the bottom and them twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses. On this the princess had to lie all night. In the morning she was asked how she had slept. “Oh, very badly!” she said. “I have scarcely closed my eyes all night. Heaven only knows what was in the bed, but I was lying on something hard, so that I am black and blue all over my body. It’s horrible!” Now they knew that she was a real princess because she had felt the pea right through the twenty mattresses and the twenty eider-down beds. Nobody but a real princess could be as sensitive as that. The pea was put in the museum and the prince took the princess for his wife, for now he knew that he has a real princess and they lived happily ever after.
 * THE PRINCESS AND THE PEA**

//Page 107 ex.3// There was once an old emperor who lived in an enormous, golden palace in the middle of the city Ping Chong. He had three beautiful daughters, but unfortunately no sons. He wanted his beautiful, gorgeous daughters to marry before he died because he was very old. He found three rich, smart and kind princes. However his little cute daughters didn’t like them. They refuse to marry the strange, kind princes, so the old emperor became very angry on them. He also said they must get married with someone as soon as they were at most sixteen years old. The three daughters ran away from the emperor and his golden palace during the night and found work on a little old farm. They fell in love with the farmer’s kind, beautiful sons while they were hardly working there, in the farm. After that they married the kind, smart farmer’s sons while they were sixteen years old, and they lived happily ever after.
 * THE EMPEROR AND HIS DAUGHTERS**

//Page 107 ex. 2// There was once an emperor **__who__** lived in a palace. He had three daughters **__but__** no sons. He wanted his daughters to marry **__before__** he died. He found three princes. **__However__**, his daughters didn’t like them. They refused to marry the princes, **__so__** the emperor became very angry. He said they must get married **__as soon as__** they were sixteen years old. The three daughters run away **__during__** the night and found work on a farm. They fell in love with the farmer’s sons **__while__** they were working there. They married the sons **__when__** they were sixteen.
 * THE EMPEROR AND HIS DAUGHTERS**

//Page 106 ex.1// There was once an old, dying farmer **__who had worked hard in his vineyard all his life.__** Before he died he wanted to teach his three sons how to be good farmers. So he called them to his bedsides and said, ‘My boys, I have an important secret to tell you: there is a great treasure buried in the vineyard. Promise me that you will look for it when I am dead.’ The sons gave their promise and **__as soon as their father died__** they began looking for the treasure. They worked very hard in the hot sun **__and while they were working they thought about what their father had said.__** They pictured boxes of gold coins, diamond necklaces, and other such things. **__Soon they had dug up every inch of the vineyard__** but they found not a single penny. They were very upset **__because they felt that all their hard work had been for nothing.__** However, a few mounts later the grapes started to appear on the vines. Their grapes were the biggest and best in the neighborhood and they sold them for a lot of money. Now the sons understood **__what their father had meant by the great treasure and__** they lived happily ever after. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> Page 105 ex.5 1.  Could you please send me your brochure and a price list? I would be most grateful. -- **__Ask For Information__** <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 2. I’ve changed my job a few times since I last spoke to you and as you know, I’ve moved to a new flat. -- **__Gives News__** <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 3. Unfortunately, this amount did not include packing and postage, which is $7.50 -- **__Ask For Further Payment__** <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 4. We’ve got four tickets for that open-air concert in Woodstock. Interested? -- **Invites** <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 5. We’d love to come. -- **__Accepts An Invitation__**
 * THE FARMER AND HIS SONS**

//Page 105 ex.4// 1. Dear Mary and Dave, Any chance that you two are free next Sat. p.m.? - Let me know asap. All the best, Martin
 * BEGINNINGS AND ENDINGS**

2. Dear Jane, Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you after such a long time. You asked me what I’ve been doing. Well... - It would be lovely to see you some time. Do you ever come to London? We could meet for lunch. Love Pat 3. Dear Sir/Madam, I saw an advertisement in the Daily Telegraph for weekend breaks at your hotel. - Many thanks. I look forward to hearing from you in the near future. Yours faithfully James Fox

4. Hi Pete, Thanks for the invite. - Can’t wait to see you. Let’s hope it stays fine. Love to Ellie. See you then. Deborah

5. Dear Mr. Smith, We received your order for the Encyclopedia World CD ROM, and your cheque for £75. - We apologize for the inconvenience and will have pleasure in processing your order as soon as we receive the additional amount. Yours sincerely, Thames Valley Computer Software.

//Page 104 ex.2// <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 1. Just a note to say thank you so much for having me to stay last weekend. -- B <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 2. Thank you for your letter on 16 April. Please find enclosed a cheque for $50 000. -- B <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 3. Write or better still, email me soon. -- E <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 4. How are you doing? You’ll never guess who I saw last week at Dan’s. -- B <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 5. I am writing in response to your advertisement in yesterday’s Daily Star. -- B <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 6. We trust this arrangement meets with your satisfaction. -- E <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 7. I’m sorry I haven’t been in touch for such a long time. -- B <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 8. I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience. -- E <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 9. I thought I’d write rather than email for a change. -- B <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 10. Give my regards to Robert. -- E <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 11. Take care and thanks again. -- E
 * //BEGINNINGS AND ENDINGS//**

//Page 103 ex.4// Dear Aleksandra

How are you? I came in London 1 week ago to visit my cousins. I was invited long time ago and finally I decided to visit them now. I’m sorry that we couldn’t see each other before I left Gostivar, but I will come back very soon. London is very beautiful city. I can’t describe it so I will bring you some photos to see this beauty. It’s huge and I don’t know how many weeks I will need to see everything here. The food is good, but it isn’t like the food in Macedonia. Every day I go for a walk with my cousins Simona and Jasmina. We are often going in a cafés with their friends. I have to say that the people here are very friendly and nice. Yesterday at the afternoon we went to the cinema. I watched one of my favorite films Double Impact. In the evening we went to the disco. It was huge and I had so much fun. But anyway I miss the discos and cafes in Gostivar. I have been here in London only one week but I can wait no more to come back in my Macedonia. See you soon. Love you Marija

//Page 103 ex. 2// <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">**QUESTIONS** 1. Where is Kati? Where is she staying? <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">2. Why is she there? <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">3. What does she do each day? <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">4. What does she do in her free time? <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">5. Who has met?

<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">1. Kati is in Dublin, Ireland and she is staying with an Irish family. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">2. She is there to learn English. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">3. She studies in the morning and in the afternoon she goes sightseeing. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">4. In her free time Kati visits museums and galleries. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">5. She met a girl from Spain.
 * ANSWERS**

//Page 103 ex.1// Dear Stephanie How are you? I’m very well. I came __to__ Dublin two weeks ago __to__ study at a language school. I want __to__ learn __E__nglish because __it__ is a very important language. I’m __staying__ with __an__ Irish family. They have got two __sons__ and a daughter. Mr. Kendall is __a__ teacher and Mrs. Kendall __works__ in a hospital. The Irish __are__ very kind, but they speak very quickly. I study in the morning. My __teacher’s__ name is Ann. She __told__ me that my English is OK; I __make__ a lot of mistakes. Ann __doesn’t__ give us too much homework, so in the afternoons I __always go__ sightseeing. Dublin is __bigger__ than my town. I like __painting very much__ and I’m very __interested in__ modern art, so I visit galleries and museums. I’ve met a girl named Martina. She __comes__ from Spain and __goes__ to Trinity College. Last night we __went__ to the cinema, but the film wasn’t very __exciting. Would__ you like to visit me? Why don’t you come for a weekend? I’d love to see you. Write to me soon. Love, Kati

**JEAN-CLAUDE VAN DAMME** <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 1. He has been in many films like: Until Death, The Hard Corps, Second in Command, Wake Of Death, In Hell, Derailed, The Order, <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Inferno, Universal Soldier, Legionnaire, Knock Off, Double Team, Maximum Risk, The Quest, Sudden Death, Street Fighter, Timecop, Hard Target, Nowhere To Run, Double Impact, Lion heart, Kick Boxer, Blood sport, Monaco Forever etc. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 2. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Van Damme is acting in action films. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 3. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">His played his best role in Timecop and Universal Soldier. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 4. -I think that he is very nice person. -He is old now, but when he was young he was very handsome, he has beautiful blue eyes and he got award for the most beautiful body in the world. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 5. He is a big traveler. <span style="color: #191919; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> You can find him all over. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 6. He is married and he was 3 children. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;"> 7. Van Damme is most famous for his acting ability.

WHAT TYPE OF PERSON ARE YOU? 1. Are you usually smiling and happy? – **SOMETIMES**


 * 1) Do you enjoy the company of other people? – **YES**
 * 2) Do you find it difficult to meet new people? – **NO**
 * 3) Do you have definite plans for your future? – **YES**
 * 4) Does your mood change often and suddenly for no reason? – **NO**
 * 5) Do you notice other people’s feelings? – **YES**
 * 6) Do you think the future will be good? – **YES**
 * 7) Can your friends depend on you? – **NO**
 * 8) Is your room often a mess? – **NO**
 * 9) Do you get annoyed if you have to wait for anyone or anything? – **YES**
 * 10) Do you put off until tomorrow what you could do today? – **NO**
 * 11) Do you work hard? – **YES**
 * 12) Do you keep your feelings and ideas to yourself? – **SOMETIMES**
 * 13) Do you often give presents? – **NO**
 * 14) Do you talk a lot? – **SOMETIMES**
 * 15) Are you usually calm and not worried by things? – **YES**


 * 1) Reliable – **8**
 * 2) Optimistic – **7**
 * 3) Sociable – **2**
 * 4) Talkative – **15**
 * 5) Reserved – **13**
 * 6) Shy – **3**
 * 7) Impatient – **10**
 * 8) Ambitious – **4**
 * 9) Lazy – **11**
 * 10) Generous – **14**
 * 11) Moody – **5**
 * 12) Hardworking – **12**
 * 13) Easygoing – **16**
 * 14) Untidy – **9**
 * 15) Cheerful – **1**
 * 16) Sensitive – **6**
 * ** POSITIVE ** || ** NEGATIVE ** || ** BOTH ** ||
 * Reliable || Shy || Reserved ||
 * Optimistic || Impatient || Sensitive ||
 * Ambitious || Lazy || ||
 * Generous || Moody || ||
 * Hardworking || Untidy || ||
 * Cheerful || || ||
 * Easygoing || || ||
 * Easygoing || || ||

**__- Oliver once got annoyed with her in front of her friends.__**
 * FAMILY MATTERS **
 * 1) Which two sentences best describe their relationship?
 * 2) It was closer when Carmen was a child.
 * 3) ** __They get on well and have similar interests.__ **
 * 4) ** __They don’t have much in common.__ **
 * 5) Which two sentences best describe Oliver?
 * 6) He’s done a lot for his daughter.
 * 7) ** __He isn’t very sensitive to how she feels.__ **
 * 8) ** __He’s more interested in himself than his family.__ **
 * 9) Which two sentences best describe Carmen?
 * 10) She is selfish and spoilt.
 * 11) ** __She tried to please her father.__ **
 * 12) ** __She was never really happy until she married George.__ **
 * 13) How did Oliver behave in front of Carmen’s friends?

8. Why don’t they see each other very much?
 * 1) Why did she leave school?
 * __- Carmen left her school because she had no friends there, she was miserable and she didn’t do well.__ **
 * 1) Is she happily married? How do you know?
 * __- Carmen is happily married. She says that she was miserable until she met her husband George.__ **
 * 1) What does Carmen think of her father’s career?
 * __- She thinks that her father wanted the best for her, but the best was always what he wanted.__ **
 * __- They don’t see each other very often because Oliver didn’t really wanted Carmen to marry George.__ **


 * 1) She must like animals because she enjoys working with them.
 * 2) He can’t be a famous actor because he does small roles in films.
 * 3) He might win an Oscar because he is a good actor.
 * 4) She must had a lot of friends when she was a teenager because she was very nice and friendly person.
 * 5) She couldn’t work hard at school because she wasn’t happy there.

MAKING SUGGESTIONS
**Maria** - Let’s go shopping!
 * Paul** – If I were you, I’d get a better job.
 * Paul** – Why don’t you ask your parents?
 * Paul** – Your ought to ask your boss for a pay-rise.
 * Paul** – I don’t think you should go out so much.
 * Maria** – Why don’t we go for a walk?
 * Paul** – You’d better get a loan from the bank.
 * Maria** – Shall we see what’s on television?

If I had £10 000 to give away, I’d give it to three charities. First, I’d give £4 000 for the children without parents and another £4 000 for the sick children because I love them very much. I’m very sad for their tragedy and that is why I want to help them. The other £2 000 I’d give to a charity that helps the people in Africa. I read that the organization that helps this people needs more food and medical supplies, so I think that there is no way my money to be better spent or more appreciated.

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL

 * 1) A million members in 162 countries in this organization support human rights around the world.
 * 2) Amnesty international works to free all prisoners of conscience any where in the world. These are people who are in prison because of their beliefs, color, ethnic origin, language or religion. This organization tries to help these prisoners in two ways: first, by publicizing their cases and second, by putting pressure on governments to practice human rights.
 * WWF**


 * 1) It’s the largest and most effective conservation organization. WWF is dedicated to protect wild animals and the places where these animals live.
 * 2) WWF works to save endangered species like the black rhino or the giant panda, it works to establish and manage national parks and wild life reserves. It works to address global threats to our environment.
 * CRISIS NOW!**


 * 1) They are taking care and helping to the people in Africa where it hasn’t rained for three years. There have been no crops and the animals on which many people depend died long ago. There is again drought and famine and over 1000 people are dying every day.
 * 2) This organization is supplying towns and camps with food and medicinal supplies, but their efforts are drops in the ocean. They need a hundred times more food and medical supplies, as well as doctors, nurses, blankets, tents and clothes.

- I want to win. - I would tell them not to give up their job and to live a normal life, just like they did it before they become winners. And they should give some money to the homeless people.
 * 1) **Do you actually want to win when you buy a lottery ticket? Or are you doing it for the excitement of thinking about winning?**
 * 1) **What advice would you give to someone who has won a lot of money?**

- It is a bad thing to win a lot of money. - Money can be wasted on a spending spree; you can buy a new house and everything that you need. The easiest thing is to get rid of the money for example to give the money to homeless people. - Abby Wilson won $7 million. She went on a spending spree that lasted for four years and five marriages. She is now penniless and alone. - William Church won the National Lottery. Three weeks after winning he dropped dead of a heart attack. - Jim Taylor handed out his money to homeless people and later he said that he had no regrets about his wasted fortune. - Anita Cotton was the biggest lottery winner. Her fortune has been divided among all the members of her family.
 * 1) __According to the article is it a good thing or a bad thing to win a lot of money?__
 * 1) __How can money be wasted?__
 * 1) __What are the two bad luck stories?__
 * 1) __What made Jim Taylor happy?__
 * 1) __How has Anita Cotton survived?__


 * **If you win a lot of money…** || **Your opinion** || **The article’s opinion** ||
 * 1. you should give up your job || NO || NO ||
 * 2. you should buy a new house. || NO || NO ||
 * 3. you shouldn’t tell anyone || NO || YES ||
 * 4. you should give money to everyone who asks for it. || NO || YES ||
 * 5. you should go on a spending spree || NO || NO ||
 * 6. you should give lots of it away || YES || YES ||

If I had $5 million first I would travel around the world and I would visit many places. Then, I would come back and I would give away $1 million probably for the hospitals and for the children without parents. Of course I would keep on studing. Then I would buy something for me, I would go to shopping. I want to save the rest of the money, so I would put them in a bank.

KOREAN FOOD
When most people think of Korean food, they think of [|//kimchi//], Korea's staple side dish which, along with rice, accompanies almost every meal. Although it is an acquired taste, many long-term foreigners also find themselves missing the flavor of //kimchi// if they have too many meals without it. While many Korean dishes are unfamiliar at first, they are not really that different from some Western foods. See our // [|database] // of Korean food, with descriptions, pictures, spiciness levels, and average price ranges.

|| Rice, either plain or cooked with other grains, is the main dish at Korean meals. Rice is accompanied by a variety of side dishes that vary greatly according to the region and the season. Next to rice comes //kimchi//, a spicy vegetable dish generally comprised of celery, cabbage and turnips or cucumbers seasoned with salt, garlic, onions, ginger, red pepper and shellfish. Soup is also a vital part of almost every meal. Other dishes include seafood, meat or poultry, greens, herbs and roots. Each person has his own rice and soup bowls but all other dishes are placed in the center of the table for everyone to partake of. A spoon and chopsticks are used for eating. - <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'; fontsizeadjust: none; fontstretch: normal;"> McDonald's Golden Arches span the globe is a hamburger. 2. What are the similarities and differences between the hamburger and the pizza? - <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'; fontsizeadjust: none; fontstretch: normal;"> Similarities: They are both fast food and can be eaten by the hands. Differences: The pizza is much more varied than the hamburger and it can be delivered to your home. 3. What year was pizza invented? - <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'; fontsizeadjust: none; fontstretch: normal;"> It gradually evolved over the years, but one thing's for certain – it's been around for a very long time. Which came first, //picea// or //plakuntos//? How are they different from pizza?- <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'; fontsizeadjust: none; fontstretch: normal;"> First came plakuntos. Pizza has more toppings: cheese, ham, anchovies and finally the tomato. 4. Why are Mexico and Peru important in the development of pizza? - <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'; fontsizeadjust: none; fontstretch: normal;"> Mexico and Peru are important in the development of pizza because the tomato was brought from there to Italy. 5. What do the Italian flag and a Pizza Margherita have in common? - <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'; fontsizeadjust: none; fontstretch: normal;"> Raffaele Esposito made a pizza like to Italian flag for the Queen using red tomatoes, white mozzarella cheese and green basil leaves. She loved it and the new pizza was named 'Pizza Marghrita' in her honor. 6. When and how did pizza become really popular in the United States? - The first pizzeria in the United States was opened in 1905 at 53 ½ Spring Street, New York City, by Gennaro Lombardi. The popularity of pizza exploded when American soldiers returned from Italy after World War II and raved about 'that great Italian dish'.
 * Korea has four distinct seasons and well-developed agriculture, producing rich rice and diverse grains. Thus, a variety of cooking methods have been well developed. The Korean Peninsula is surrounded by sea and is home to plenty of marine products as well as a variety of vegetables and aquatic plants.
 * Cuisines using poultry meat and vegetables are also at a high level. With four different seasons, Korea has developed many cooking skills using ingredients that are available seasonally. In particular, Korean food fully utilizes the pure natural taste retained by each material. Korean food is cooked with sincerity and devotion. Most of Korean traditional foods are not instant food but preserved and fermented for a certain period, thus giving better taste and nutrition. Development of various types of sauce, kimchi and salted fish, as well as food storage technology, has been advanced since the early days. Moreover, Korean food well represents the characteristics of each season and region, placing importance on the harmony of different tastes through rational combination of ingredients. A lot of effort is needed to prepare Korean food, thus a proper attitude and spirit are important in cooking. Not only are the nutritious aspect, color, taste and temperature of the food important, but also the harmony with the vessel the food is served on.
 * 1) What does //McDonald's Golden Arches span the globe// mean?

My Favorite Room
The room in my house I like best is my bedroom. It’s a place where I spent most of my time when I am at home. I like it very much. It is small, but for me it is the most beautiful in the world. When I was 10 years old I decorate it together with my father. There are posters everywhere on the walls. My father helped me to put them on and there isn’t empty space on the walls. I have a lot of souvenirs and toys in my room. The thing in my bedroom that I like best is my lap-top. I usually spent my free time with him. I especially enjoy watching films and listening to music. I study and I do my homework in my bedroom. In that small place I can always find comfort when I am sad. My comfort is usually some stuff which means a lot for me. Other reasons because I love my bedroom are my memories from the beautiful summer 2007 which are coming in my mind when I will look at one thing which is there in my bedroom. And what is it…………it is better to be a secret now.


 * 1) She was born **//in//** **//Argentina//** **//in 1969.//**
 * 2) She went to school in Buenos Aires **//until she was seven.//**
 * 3) She studied modern languages and journalism **//for three years at//** **//University//** **//College//****//,//** **//London//****//.//**
 * 4) She worked for Intertec **//for the last five years.//**
 * 5) She left the BBC **//five years ago.//**
 * 6) She lived in Berlin **//while she was working for the BBC.//**
 * 7) She’s been married //twice.//
 * 8) She’s visited **//Japan//** **//a few times.//**
 * 9) She hasn’t heard if she got the job at Worldwatch Europe **//yet.//**

b. Please take off your coat and sit down. **-- literal** 2. a. Oh, no! The lights have gone out again. **-- literal** b. If you go out, take an umbrella. It’s going to rain. **-- idiomatic** 3. a. (On the phone) Hello? Hello? I can’t hear you I think we’ve been cut off. b. She cut off a big piece of meat and gave it to the dog. **-- literal**
 * 1) a. The plane has just taken off. **-- idiomatic**
 * -- idiomatic**


 * 1) He turned on the lights. **-- He turned it on.**
 * 2) I’m looking for my glasses. **-- I’m looking for them.**
 * 3) She’s taken off her boots. **-- She’s taken them off.**
 * 4) He took up golf when he retired. **-- He took it up when he retired.**
 * 5) I get on well with my parents. **-- I get on well with them**.
 * 6) I came across the ad. **-- I came across it.**
 * 7) I looked up the words in my dictionary. **-- I looked them up in my dictionary.**
 * 8) The waiter took away the dirty plates. **-- The waiter took them away.**


 * 1) Is anyone in your family retired? Who?
 * 2) What job did they do before retired?
 * 3) How old were they when they retired? How long have they been retired?
 * 4) What do they do now?


 * 1) Yes, my grandmother is retired.
 * 2) She was a nurse.
 * 3) My grandmother was 60 years old and she is retired for 11 years.
 * 4) Now she stays at home. ||